Ubushukanyi bugamije kwiba amakuru kuri internet

Mu gihe uvuga ibyerekeranye n’amahoro n’umutekano byo kuri internet, ubushukanyi bushingira ku marangamutima y’abandi cyangwa “social engineering” mu Cyongereza bisobanura igikorwa cyo gushuka abandi cyangwa kubeshya abandi ubashora mu bikorwa byo kumena amabanga yerekeranye n’amakuru bwite n’ayerekeranye n’imari, ni ubwoko bw’amayeri yo kubeshya umuntu akakugirira icyizere. Ubushukanyi bushingira ku marangamutima y’abandi bunyunyuza kamere-muntu kandi akenshi bufatira umuntu ku cyifuzo afite mu kumuha ubufasha, cyangwa kunezeza abandi. Ni kimwe mu biranga ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibikorwa by’uburiganya.

Ubu bushukanyi bushobora gutegurwa kandi akenshi burimo ingingo zituma ubwirwa yemera, ubwo buryo akenshi bukorwa n’umuntu wizera cyangwa ugufiteho ububasha. Rimwe na rimwe ibituma akwemeza ni amwe mu makuru y’ubuzima bwawe ukora uburiganya aba  agufiteho kuva mbere.

Abantu cyangwa ibigo byigenga bombi bashobora kugushwa mu mutego w’ubushukanyi nk’ubu.

Ingero z’ubushukanyi bushingira ku marangamutima y’abandi

• Gusubiza email z’abatekamutwe zikubwira ko ari iy’ikigo cyawe muri banki cyangwa abaguhaye ikarita yo kwishyuriraho, ikigo cya Leta, ubunyamuryango bw’ikigo cyangwa urubuga waguriyeho, bikwerekeza mu gukurikira link ituma utanga amakuru yawe y’ibanga cyane cyane ijambo-banga, PIN cyangwa andi makuru. Ibi bizwi nka “phishing”
• Guha amakuru umujura wo kuri internet wahamagaye ikigo cyawe yiyitiriye banki yawe, uguha ikarita yo kwishyuraho cyangwa polisi maze agahimba ikibazo. Bagusaba kwemeza amakuru y’ibanga mu buryo bwo gukemura ikibazo. Ibi bizwi nka “vishing” Bashobora kongeraho kukoherereza ubutumwa bwo gufata ikarita zo kwishyuraho cyangwa andi makuru, bizwi nka “courier fraud”.
• Guhamagarwa n’umuntu akubwira ko ari umuntu wemewe ugiye kuguha ubufasha kuri internet yawe cyangwa porogaramu yo muri mudasobwa kandi ukubwira ko ufite ikibazo cya tekiniki. Bisa nk’aho ari umwimerere, wowe cyangwa mugenzi wawe mugatanga amakuru yo kwinjiriraho, bikaba byatuma ukorerwa uburinganya cyangwa kwibwa umwirondoro. Ku rundi ruhande ubemerera kwegukana imashini yawe bari kure, bigatuma bayanduza virusi cyangwa bakinjizamo spyware. Abantu bakubwira ko baje ‘kuguha ubufasha bw’itumanaho n’ikoranabuhanga’ mu kigo cyawe bashobora kukubaza cyangwa kubaza bagenzi bawe amagambo-banga kugira ngo binjire mu ikoranabuhanga n’amakuru by’ikigo.
• Gufata no gucomeka muri mudasobwa imigozi ya USB, ikarita zibikwaho amakuru, CD-ROM/DVD-ROM cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bibikwaho amakuru byasizwe aho nkana kandi biriho porogaramu yangiza cyangwa babiguhaye. Igikoresho kibamo porogaramu yangiza urugero virusi cyangwa spyware. Ibi bizwi nka baiting.
• Iwawe cyangwa ku kazi, guha urwaho umunyabyaha rwo kwegera mudasobwa yawe, seriveri cyangwa ibikoresho ngendanwa by’ikoranabuhanga.

Kwirinda ibitero by’ubushukanyi bugamije kwiba amakuru ​​​​​​​

• Ntukagaragaze na rimwe amakuru y’ibanga yawe cyangwa ay’umutungo wawe harimo amazina ukoresha, amagambo-banga, PIN cyangwa nimero  z’indangamuntu.
• Shishoza urebe niba abantu cyangwa ibigo uha amakuru y’ikarita yo kwishyuraho yawe ari umwimerere, kandi ntukigere ugira uwo ubwira amagambo-banga. Ibuka ko banki cyangwa ikindi kigo kizwi bitazigera na rimwe bigusaba ijambo-banga bakoresheje email cyangwa kuguhamagara kuri telefoni.
• Niba uhamagawe usabwa amakuru y’ibanga, genzura niba ari abanyakuri ubasaba kukubwira izina ry’umuntu ryose ry’umuntu uguhamagaye n’uko ryandikwa neza na nimero ye ya telefoni.
• Niba usabwe n’uwo waguhamagaye gukupa telefoni no guhamagara banki yawe cyangwa uwaguhaye ikarita, hamagara nimero ya banki iri mu masezerano mwagiranye cyangwa iri ku yindi nyandiko ya banki cyangwa iri inyuma ku ikarita yawe ariko ntuzahamagare iyo wahawe n’uwo uguhamagaye cyangwa nimero wahamagajwe.
• Ntugafungure na rimwe ubutumwa bw’umugereka kuri email buvuye ahantu hatazwi.
• Ntugakande na rimwe kuri link zikuganisha ku rundi rubuga ziba ziri muri email ivuye ahantu hatazwi. Ahubwo nyuza suri (souris/mouse) kuri iyo link kugira ngo utahure aho ubwo butumwa bwoherejwe, bigaragara hasi mu ruhande rw’ibumoso rwa screen yawe. Gira amakenga niba ibi bitandukanye n’ibyagaragajwe mu nyandiko iri muri link wahawe muri email.
• Ntugacomeke hard drives cyangwa ngo winjize CD-ROMs/DVD-ROMs muri mudasobwa yawe niba utazi neza isoko yabyo, cyangwa kubera gusa ko ufite amatsiko y’ibirimo.