Porogaramu ziragenda ziba uburyo bw’itumanaho bukoreshwa cyane muri iyi minsi kandi budufasha kujya kuri internet dukoresheje telefone, tablets na televiziyo.
Tuzikoresha dukina, twohereza ubutumwa, tureba amakuru n’iteganyagihe, dukoresha amakarita na serivisi zo gushakisha kuri internet. Turagenda turushaho no kuzikoresha serivisi za banki. N’ubwo porogaramu ari uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku bintu na serivisi byinshi, ni ngombwa kumenya uburyo zakoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi butekanye.
Izi ni zimwe mu nama zagufasha gukoresha ibikoresho bifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho na porogaramu byawe neza n’uburyo wabikoresha wifitiye ikizere.
Shyiramo porogaramu uzikuye mu maduka azwi acuruza porogaramu
Birashoboka ko zimwe muri porogaramu zishobora gukoresha telefoni yawe igihe wazishyizemo. Ibi birashoboka cyane igihe washyizemo porogaramu yaturutse ahantu hatizewe (itazwi). Urugero, umuntu ashobora gufata porogaramu igurishwa, akongeramo ibintu bye bitemewe n’amategeko noneho agatangira kuyitangira ubuntu ku miyoboro ya ‘bulletin boards’ cyangwa ‘peer-to-peer’. Igihe iyo porogaramu itemewe izaba yagiye muri telefoni yawe, wa muntu ugaba ibitero kuri internet ashobora kugutwara ububasha bwo gukoresha igikoresho cyawe, agahamagara, agatuma wishyura menshi y’ubutumwa bugufi yohereje utabimuhereye uburenganzira, cyangwa akohereza ndetse akanabuza ubutumwa bugufi cyangwa ubutumwa mu ijwi kugera k’uwo bwari bugenewe. Ushobora kutamenya ko hari ikintu kitameze neza ukabimenya amazi yarenze inkombe.
Rero irinde porogaramu ziturutse ku masoko atemewe, nk’imiyoboro ya ‘bulletin boards’ cyangwa ‘peer-to-peer’. Ahubwo, kura porogaramu zawe ku maduka yemewe. Hejuru ya byose, gira amakenga, kora ubushakashatsi kuri iyo porogaramu kandi urebe icyo abandi bayivugaho mbere y’uko uyizana iwawe.
Reba uko wagenzura ibirimo
Porogaramu zo mu maduka azwi zitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ibirimo. Ubwo bugenzuzi bushobora kugufasha kumenya niba iyo porogaramu yemewe ku bana.
Mbese, ubwo bugenzuzi bwakuyobora ku birimo n’ubukana bw’insanganyamatsiko nk’urugomo, amagambo atukana, ibijyanye n’ubusambanyi, cyangwa aho bavuze ku biyobyabwenge. Ugomba kumenya ko buri duka rya porogaramu rigira amabwiriza yaryo yihariye agenga ikigero amakuru ariho. Ibi bisobanuye ko ibyavuye mu bugenzuzi mu iduka rimwe rya porogaramu byaba bitandukanye n’ibiri ku rindi duka.
Wibuke ko ubu bugenzuzi buba bujyanye n’ibiri kuri porogaramu nyir’izina. Nukoresha porogaramu zikwemerera cyangwa zemerera abana bawe kujya kuri internet mukahabonera amakuru hanze ya porogaramu, byaba byiza utekereje ku buryo wabona ubwirinzi, akayunguruzo kajyanye n’igikoresho cyangwa n’umuyoboro, cyangwa uburyo butekanye bwo gukora ubushakashatsi. Andi makuru mwayasanga kuri http://www.internetmatters.org/technologies/parental-controls.html
Witondere uburenganzira utanga
Igihe uri kuzana porogaramu, akenshi izakubaza niba ishobora gukoresha sisitemu zimwe cyangwa amakuru amwe ku gikoresho cyawe. Ibi bizwi nko ‘gusaba uburenganzira’ cyangwa ‘uburenganzira’. Urugero, porogaramu zo kukurangira zishobora kugusaba uburenganzira bwo gukoresha “aho uherereye” kugira ngo ziguhe amakuru y’ukuri ajyanye n’aho ujya cyangwa aho harereye. Porogaramu zo gutunganya amafoto zishobora kugusaba uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amafoto yawe kugira ngo ubashe gutunganya amafoto wafashe n’igikoresho cyawe unyuze kuri ya porogaramu.
Byemejwe muri rusange ko abakora izi porogaramu bagomba gusaba uburenganzira bw’ibyafasha iyo porogaramu gukora neza byonyine. Icyakora, porogaramu zimwe, zishobora gusaba ubundi burenganzira burenze ubwo zikeneye kugira ngo icyo kintu ziri gukoraho by’umwihariko gikorwe neza.
Kugira ngo urinde amakuru yawe bwite, soma witonze uruhushya ruri gusabwa mu gihe uri kuzana iyo porogaramu mu gikoresho cyawe cyangwa igihe babigusabiye kandi wumve wizeye neza ko amakuru uri kwemerera iyo porogaramu gukoresha nta kibazo atwaye.
Niba wumva uburenganzira iyo porogaramu iri gusaba utabwumva neza, ugomba kwanga ubusabe cyangwa ugashaka porogaramu zijya kumera nk’iyo.
Koresha telefoni yawe nk’ikofi
Gukoresha telefoni zifite ikoranabuganga rigezweho mu gucunga amafaranga yawe biri kugenda bikundwa kandi bigerwaho cyane. Hari ibintu byinshi bigaragara umuntu yungukira mu gukoresha banki kuri telefoni (mobile banking): porogaramu zitanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bwiza bwo gukoresha banki ugenda, bigufasha gukoresha neza umwanya n’amafaranga byawe. Ariko, birumvikana ntibibura kugira ingorane nabyo, zirimo kuba ubika amakuru y’ibanga ku gikoresho kigendanwa gishobora gukoreshwa n’abakora uburiganya. Bityo rero, ukeneye kwibuka imikorere myiza y’ibanze, urugero ni ngombwa gusezera kuri porogaramu zo gukoresha banki, gukura porogaramu ku maduka ya porogaramu yizewe gusa, kudahindura ingamba z’umutekano washyiriweho mu ruganda kuri telefone yawe, kandi urindishe telefone yawe ijambo-banga.
Menya ibiciro, cyane cyane ibijyanye no gukoresha internet n’ibyo kugura kuri porogaramu uburenganzira bwisumbuyeho
Porogaramu zitwara megabayiti zishobora no kumara amafaranga wari wateganyije gukoresha kuri internet yose. Niba utagenzura neza uburyo ukoresha megabayiti zawe, ushobora gusanga urengeje amafaranga wari wagennye gukoresha ukongeraho n’andi y’inyongera. Abagurisha ibikoresho bigendanwa benshi basigaye batanga muri iyi minsi uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura uko ukoresha megabayiti.
Byongeye kandi, gukoresha megabayiti uri hanze y’igihugu nabyo bishobora gutuma amafaranga azamuka cyane. Ujye wibuka kuzimya megabayiti zawe igihe udahari kugira ngo wirinde gutungurwa n’amafaranga bazaguca. Ofcom ni cyo kigo ngenzuramikorere cy’itumanaho mu Bwongereza, reba videwo zacyo zitanga inama ku buryo wabikora ku bikoresho bimwe bikunzwe cyane. Ku yandi makuru ku buryo bwo gukoresha porogaramu mu buryo butekanye uri hanze y’igihugu reba inama Ofcom itanga ku gukoresha internet uri hanze. Porogaramu nyinshi, iz’ubuntu n’izishyurwa, zitanga ibindi wakenera ariko bakagira icyo baguca. Ibi bizwi nko kugura uburenganzira bwisumbuyeho muri porogaramu. Urugero, ushobora gukenera kugura ubundi burenganzira kugira ngo ukomeze gukina umukino iyo ugeze ku rwego runaka, cyangwa ushaka ko umukino wihuta kurushaho. Kugura uburenganzira bwisumbuyeho bishobora kuba by’umwihariko byatera ababyeyi impungenge kuko abana bakoresha ibyo bikoresho bigendanwa bashobora gukura amafaranga menshi cyane kuri konti kandi ababyeyi babo batabizi. Abashaka kugenzura uburyo abana bagura uburenganzira bwisumbuyeho bashobora kubikora bakoresheje ibikoresho bitandukanye bakura ku maduka ya porogaramu azwi. Urugero, sisitemu z’imikorere zimwe zikwemerera gusaba kode ikwemerera mbere y’uko ukura cyangwa ugura icyo kintu kuri internet.
Ibikoresho bimwe bigendanwa bikwemerera gukuramo uburyo bwose bwo kugura uburenganzira bwisumbuyeho. Videwo y’inama za Ofcom ikwereka uburyo wabikora. Amafoto wafatiye muri screen (screenshots) arabyerekana neza kuko imikorere iratandukana bitewe n’igikoresho cyangwa sisitemu z’imikorere yashyizwemo.
Jya ukuramo buri gihe porogaramu udakoresha
Ufite porogaramu zingahe mu gikoresho cyawe, ese mu by’ukuri ni zingahe muri zo ukoresha? Urebye, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya porogaramu abantu baba bafite mu bikoresho byabo ntibazikoresha kenshi. Kuzuza mu gikoresho cyawe porogaramu nyinshi udakoresha bishobora gutuma igikoresho kidakora neza. Usibye umwanya bitwara, zimwe muri izo porogaramu ziba zikora mu bwihisho ibi bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’igikoresho cyawe cyangwa bikamaramo imbaraga bateri yawe. Reba porogaramu zawe ukuremo izo utagikoresha. Ku bijyanye na porogaramu ukoresha buri gihe, kora ku buryo ziba zivuguruye kuko ibi bishobora gukumira ibibazo by’imikorere ya porogaramu cyangwa iby’umutekano.
‘Sukura’ telefone yawe
Niba ufite gahunda yo gutanga telefoni ishaje cyangwa tablet byawe, kubigurisha cyangwa kubivugurura, banza usibe amakuru yose bitihise ayo makuru yose yabonwa n’uwo muntu utwaye icyo gikoresho.Ugomba gushaka ahantu hari ‘uko bayikoze ku ruganda’ (factory reset) mu gikoresho cyawe n’ubwo ibi bitasiba mu gikoresho amakuru yawe bwite yose.
Turashimira cyane Ofcom ikigo ngenzuramikorere cy’itumanaho mu Bwongereza kuba cyatwemereye gukoresha amakuru yacyo kuri uru rukuta ku bijyanye no gukoresha porogaramu mu buryo bwizewe kandi butekanye ku gikoresho cyawe kigendanwa, inama yateguwe na Ofcom ku bufatanye n’ishyirahamwe rikorera mu biro bya Komiseri ushinzwe amakuru, Urwego rw’amarushanwa n’amasoko, Urwego rwa serivisi za telefone zishyurwa ndetse n’urwego rw’imyitwarire y’imari mu Bwongereza.