Kugura no kugurisha ibinyabiziga kuri internet

Kubera internet, ubu biroroshye cyane kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibinyabiziga. Gushobora gufungura no kureba amafoto n’andi makuru yerekeye ibinyabiziga ndetse no kuvugana n’abaguzi n’abacuruzi byateje imbere ubucuruzi mu byerekeye igura n’igurisha. Ku rundi ruhande, itumanaho rya internet ryateje imico mibi y’ubwambuzi mu baguzi n’abacuruzi, ni yo mpamvu hari ibyo ukwiye kwitondera mbere yo kugura cyangwa gucuruza ikinyabiziga kuri internet.

Ibyago bishoboka

Kugura

• Amatangazo yamamaza yacuzwe n’udutsiko tw’abanyabyaha biyita abacuruzi, berekana ikinyabiziga cya baringa ku giciro kiza, bagakoresha nimero ya telefoni itari yo hanyuma bakagusaba kohereza amafaranga muri serivisi zishingira ubwishyu cyangwa kuyohereza mu mahanga.
• Kugura ikinyabiziga cyibwe, akenshi cyahinduriwe nimero ikiranga kinafite ibyangombwa by’ibihimbano. Iyo ugize ibyago ukagura ikinyabiziga cyibwe, uba wahomba amafaranga wakiguze mu gihe nyiracyo abonetse.
• Kugura ikinyabiziga cyahinduriwe mubazi (mubazi bayisubiza inyuma bashaka kugaragaza ko ikinyabiziga cyagenze ibirometero bike).
• Kugura ikinyabiziga kiremaremye baterateranya ibice by’imodoka ebyiri cyangwa zirenze zitandukanye bakaremamo indi “nshya” .
• Kugura ikinyabiziga bahinduye, bagihaye ibirango na nimero by’imodoka zo mu bwoko bumwe. Si ngombwa ngo kibe ari ikinyabiziga kibwe.  Nugura ikinyabiziga bahinduye, ushobora gusanga gifite amande yo guparika cyangwa ay’umuvuduko cyangwa ukaryozwa ibyaha byaba byarakozwe  n’icyo kinyabiziga kikiri umwimerere.
• Kwakira ubutumwa bukuyobya buvuye ku mbuga ziyitirira ko zigura zikanagurisha ibinyabiziga, bugusaba kwiyandikisha kuzinjiramo no gutanga amakuru ku ikarita yawe yo kwishyura.

Kugurisha

• Abaguzi b’abariganya, abajura bigaragaza nk’abaguzi, bishyura ikiguzi cyose cy’ikinyabiziga bakoresheje PayPal cyangwa izindi mbuga bashinze bakoresheje amakuru atari yo ku makarita yo kwishyuriraho.
• Sosiyete  nyinshi zikora uburiganya zigusaba kwishyura amafaranga “asubizwa” kugira ngo mubanze murangizanye ndetse babanze bahabwe ikinyabiziga.  
• Kwishyurwa ari uko wamaze kubagezaho ikinyabiziga, rimwe na rimwe bakaguha amafaranga y’amakorano cyangwa konti zitabaho.
• Abakoherereza ubutumwa babeshya ko bavana ibinyabiziga mu mahanga, bagusaba kwishyura amafaranga y’ubwikorezi ahabwa abaguzi bari mu mahanga.
• Ubutumwa bugufi bukwereka ko bishimiye ikinyabiziga cyawe, ariko bisegura ngo kuko batabasha kuguhamagara. Ubu buba ari uburyo bw’uburiganya bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru aho wacibwa amafaranga menshi mu gihe ubandikiye cyangwa ubahamagaye.
• Ubutumwa bushukana bugusaba amakuru yo kwinjira muri sisiteme ya banki ndetse n’ay’ikarita wishyuriraho, babeshya ko ari abo ku mbuga zigurisha zikanagura ibinyabiziga.

Kugura byizewe

• Ishyura ikinyabiziga ari uko wagishyikirijwe n’umucuruzi. Ntukohereze amafaranga mu mahanga, icya mbere kuyatanga ku kinyabiziga utabonye kandi utagenzuye, cyangwa ngo wishyure serivisi zishingira ubugure.
• Byaba ikimenyetso cy’ubujura igihe ikinyabiziga kiri kugurishwa ku giciro cyo hasi cyane. Buri gihe, genzura igiciro ugereranyije n’ibiciro ku isoko cyangwa ku mbuga zizwi zigurisha ibinyabiziga.
• Irebere ikinyabiziga n’amaso yawe (byaba byiza ari ku manywa), unarebe ibyangombwa byacyo mbere yo kwishyura.
• Reba ko ibirometero biri kuri mubazi yayo bijyanye n’ibiri ku gapapuro kagaragaza igihe yamenewe amavuta , unabihuze n’ibindi byangombwa aho wakura amakuru hose. Kuri mubazi za kera (ku modoka zishaje), reba ko imibare iri ku murongo. Gereranya urebe niba imimerere y’ikinyabiziga ihuye n’igihe kimaze ndetse n’ibirometero kimaze kugenda.
• Genzura neza  cyangwa ushake inzobere ikurebere  niba ikinyabiziga kitararemaremwe (niba atari imodoka ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zateranyijwe).
• Reba neza ko ikinyabiziga uguze n’aho umucuruzi atuye bihura n’amakuru yanditse ku byangombwa. Menya neza ko ugurisha  ari we nyir’ikinyabiziga, bitabaye ibyo ushobora gusanga adafite uburenganzira bwo kukigurisha.
• Reba ko nimero iranga ikinyabiziga (VIN) ihura n’iyanditse ku byangombwa. Iyi nimero igaragara kuri shasi, ku kirahure cy’imbere, cyangwa munsi y’intebe y’umushoferi. Reba niba iyo nimero idasiribanze.
• Suzuma amateka y’ikinyabiziga, urebe niba  cyaba cyaribwe, cyaranditswe nk’ikitazasubira mu muhanda  cyangwa cyarigeze gucibwa ibihano bikabije by’amafaranga.

Kugurisha byizewe​​​​​​​

• Genzura ko umushoferi uwo ari we wese uragenzura ikinyabiziga  afite uruhushya rwo gutwara rwemewe ndetse  n’ubwishingizi. Kuko aramutse akoze impanuka, ushobora kubiryozwa.
• Kwirinda ko umuguzi yasigara wenyine mu kinyabiziga  (akaba  yahita agitwara akigendera), bika imfunguzo z’ikinyabiziga iteka ryose kandi  ntuzisige mu modoka, aho bashyira urufunguzo bitegura kwatsa.
• Ntugatange imfunguzo z’ikinyabiziga  cyangwa ibyangombwa byacyo mu gihe utarabona ko banki yawe yemeje ko igiciro mwavuganye cyageze kuri konti yawe.
• Ntuzigere wohereza amafaranga mu mahanga.
• Ntuzigere wishyura amafaranga menshi cyane.
• Ntugashyirweho igitutu ngo urekure , burya umuguzi nyawe nta cyo azatwarwa no kuba yategereza ibikenewe byose bikabanza bigatungana.
• Itondere uburyo wakiramo ubwishyu:
  • Amafaranga yo mu ntoki – saba ko aya mafaranga uyishyurirwa kuri banki, kugira ngo abanze  asuzumwe  ko  atari amakorano bityo ahite ashyirwa kuri konti.  
  • Sheki – ntukemere ko umuguzi atwara ikinyabiziga cyawe kugera igihe amafaranga ageze kuri konti yawe.
  • Impapuro za banki burya si nziza nka kashi, zifate nk’uko wafata sheki, witonde.
  • Kwishyurira kuri internet ni bumwe mu buryo bwizewe, cyane ko birinda ibyago byo gutwara amafaranga menshi mu ntoki n’ibibazo bijyana na za sheki.

Kimwe n’ubundi buguzi bwo kuri internet, itondere ibi bikurikira:​​​​​​​

• Irinde gusubiza, cyangwa gukanda kuri link ziri muri email  utazi cyangwa zidakenewe zoherejwe na sosiyete cyangwa abantu utazi.
• Mbere yo gushyira  amakuru y’ikarita yawe ku rubuga ngo wishyure, banza ugenzure ko urubuga (link) rwizewe, mu buryo butatu:
• Hari ikimenyetso cy’ingufuri muri browser, igaragara igihe ugerageje gufungura cyangwa kwiyandikisha. Reba neza ko iyo ngufuri itari ku rupapuro nyiri izina…bishobora kuba ari urw’abajura.
• Urubuga rugomba kuba rutangizwa na ‘https://’. Inyuguti ‘s’ igaragaramo ihagarariye ijambo ry’Icyongereza ‘secure’ risobanura ko urubuga rwizewe.
• Niba ukoresha verisiyo iheruka ya browser,  umwanya wandikwamo aderesi y’urubuga cyangwa izina rya nyiri urubuga bihinduka icyatsi kibisi.
• Ongera ugenzure neza amakuru yose yerekeye icyo waguze mbere  yo kwemeza ubwishyu.
• Hari imbuga zimwe zishobora kukuyobora ku bundi buryo bwo kwishyura (nka WorldPay).  Genzura neza ko izo mbuga zizewe mbere yo kwishyura.
• Hitamo amagambo y’ibanga yizewe kandi wirinde kuyereka uwo ari we wese, n’ubwo waba utekereza ko wamwizera.
• Buri gihe, funga imbuga wari wiyandikishijemo cyangwa wanditsemo amakuru akwerekeyeho. Gufunga browser byonyine ntibihagije ngo wizere umutekano wawe.
• Bika impapuro wishyuriyeho.
• Ibuka ko kwishyura ukoresheje ikarita ari byo byizewe kurusha ubundi buryo, mu kwirinda ubumamyi, guhabwa garanti  ndetse n’igihe utashyikirizwa ibyo wishyuye.
• Reba neza ibyakorewe ku ikarita na banki yawe nyuma yo kwishyura ibyo waguze, umenye niba amafaranga yavuyeho ari yo, unamenye ko nta buriganya bwabayeho.
• Genzura neza ko mudasobwa yawe ifite ubwirinzi bwa virusi n’ibindi bibi mbere yo kujya kuri internet.
• Genzura ko niba uri kuri internet  nziramugozi, ifite umutekano kandi irinzwe.

Niba ugize amakenga ​​​​​​​

• Ahubwo, ongera ubwohereze ku rwego rurwanya ibyaha  rw’aho bwaturutse hanyuma ukoreshe porogaramu ya  email yawe ufunge ubundi butumwa ashobora kukoherereza.

Bimenyeshe inzego zibifitiye ububasha!​​​​​​​

Mu gihe uketse ko wakorewe uburiganya ku birebana n’ikinyabiziga :

– Bibwire inzego za Polisi

– Bimenyeshe ikipe y’ubufasha y’urubuga kugira ngo bakurikirane abo banyabyaha ndetse banakumire ko byaba no ku bandi.