Kohereza amafaranga mu buryo butekanye

Nk’umuntu utuye kandi agakorera mu kindi gihugu, ushobora gukenera koherereza amafaranga abo mu muryango wawe mu Rwanda. Aya mafaranga ashobora kuba ayo umuryango uzifashisha mu kugura ibyo bakeneye, cyangwa kubasha gukomeza gusunika ubuzima, kwishyura ubukode cyangwa amashuri cyangwa kwifashisha mu bucuruzi. Ashobora kandi kuba ayo kwifashisha mu bihe by’ibiza cyangwa ibintu bintu bitunguranye. Gusa nanone, iyi nama irareba umuntu wese ushobora gukenera kohereza amafaranga mu kindi gihugu aho umuntu we wo mu muryango akorera cyangwa yiga. Kuba ukeneye ko aya mafaranga agera ku wo agenewe ndetse no kuba yarakuvunnye, byombi bituma ari ngombwa ko uyohereza mu buryo butekanye kurushaho. Ibi bituma agera mu biganza by’umuntu wawe aho kuba abatekamutwe. Ukwiriye kandi kwishyura amafaranga make bishoboka ajyanye n’iyo serivisi yo kohereza, kandi ukungukira mu ivunjisha ritaguhenze, bigatuma abo mu rugo bakira amafaranga menshi kurutaho.

Izi nama zegeranyijwe kugira ngo zigufashe gufata ibyemezo wabanje kubona amakuru akwiriye.

Ibyo kwirinda

• Kwishyura ikiguzi kiri hejuru cyo kohereza kandi bidakwiriye cyangwa se ukavunjisha ku giciro kiri hejuru
• Kuba hashobora kuba nta serivisi z’aba-ajenti bizewe bakorera aho umuryango wawe uri, ngo babagezeho amafaranga wohereje.
• Uburiganya:
  • Gutekerwa umutwe binyuze kuri imeyiri, ubutumwa bugufi, ubutumwa bunyuze mu gikari ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ibyandikwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa ibivugwa n’umuntu bwite, bivuye ku mutekamutwe uba wiyise umuntu utanga serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga.
  • Guha umutekamutwe uburenganzira bwo kugera kuri konti yawe ya banki cyangwa serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga utabigambiriye, maze akabikuza amafaranga yawe cyangwa se akohereza amafaranga runaka utabitangiye uburenganzira.
• Gushukwa kwinjira mu bikorwa by’ibyaha (nko guhisha inkomoko y’amafaranga, indonke,…)

Kohereza amafaranga mu buryo butekanye

• Ukwiriye iteka gukorana n’ikigo gitanga serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga kizwi kandi cyanditse.
• Biba byiza gukorana n’ikigo cyanditse gitanga serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga kurusha uko wakohereza kashi. Mu gihe wemeje ko wohereza kashi, ntukizere umuntu, amatsinda, cyangwa se ibigo bitwara ibintu mu gihe utabazi, kuko baje bakubwira ngo baragufasha bayageze ku bantu bawe. Kandi igihe wohereza kashi, kora ku buryo baguha urupapuro rubigaragaza, kandi ubanze urebe ibyanditseho witonze.
• Ushobora kuba warumvise cyangwa warakoresheje ibigo bizwi mu kohereza amafaranga nka Western Union cyangwa Moneygram. Ushobora kohereza amafaranga ukoresheje imbuga zabo cyangwa se ukajya ku ishami ry’umu-ajenti wabo wemewe ukorera hafi yawe. Hari ibindi bigo bitanga izo serivisi bishobora guhuza no gushaka kwawe. Ushobora nanone gukoresha serivisi zo kwishyurana zifashisha ikoranabuhanga nka Wipay cyangwa PayPal, upfa kuza uzi ko urubuga cyangwa porogaramu uri gukoresha ari iy’ukuri. Ntukibagirwe nanone kubaza umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti igihe uboherereza amafaranga, uburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bifuza kwakiramo amafaranga. Ibi bizagufasha gukora amahitamo. Ushobora nanone kugisha inama umukoresha wawe, igihe uzi ko ari umwizerwa.
• Igihe usabwe kohereza amafaranga wifashishije Payoneer, iyi ishobora kuba iy’abanyamitwe kuko serivisi zabo zashyiriweho kwifashishwa n’amasosiyete n’abandi bikorera gusa.
• Ukwiriye kwiga kumenya igihe serivisi yo kohereza amafaranga ari iy’abariganya cyangwa indi mitwe y’abanyabyaha. Ushobora kumenya uburyo butandukanye buzwi abanyamitwe bakoresha ngo bagucucure utwawe, usomye paji y’urubuga rwacu iriho inama zerekeye uburyo abanyamitwe bifashisha ngo bakwibe amakuru.
• Ukwiriye kandi kurinda serivisi zawe zo kohereza amafaranga, gukoresha banki n’izindi serivisi zerekeye amafaranga binyuze mu gukoresha ijambo-banga rimwe rukumbi zigenewe iyo serivisi. (igihe ukoresha ijambo-banga rimwe kuri serivisi zirenga imwe, abanyamitwe bashobora kugera kuri konti zawe zose ukoreshaho iryo jambo-banga). Ntukagire uwo uha amakuru (izina n’ijambo-banga) ukoresha winjira yaba binyuze mu mvugo, imeyiri, ubutumwa bugufi, ubutumwa wandikirana n’abandi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa ibyandikwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Ikigo gikora serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga gifatika ntigishobora kugusaba amakuru wifashisha winjira. Reba inama zacu ku icurwa n’ikoreshwa ry’amagambo-banga ritekanye kuri paji iriho inama ku magambo-banga kuri uru rubuga.
• Igihe utegura kohereza amafaranga wifashishije ikigo cyizwi, ushobora gusabwa gutanga amakuru runaka n’impapuro kugira ngo bagenzure izina ryawe, itariki y’amavuko ndetse n’aderesi. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikigo gitanga izo serivisi cyubahirize amategeko arwanya ibyaha bijyanye n’ihererekanya ry’amafaranga ndetse no kugira ngo iryo hererekanya ryawe ribe ritekanye. Ubu buryo buzwi ku izina rya “Know Your Customer” mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, bisabanura ngo “Menya umukiriya wawe”.
• Iteka ujye ugenzura ko amafaranga yawe yageze aho wayohereje binyuze mu kuvugisha uwo wayoherereje, ndetse no kureba ko wakira ubutumwa bukubwira ko amafaranga yagezeyo. Igihe uganira n’inshuti cyangwa umuryango iby’uko waboherereza amafaranga, ujye ukoresha porogaramu zidatuma hari uwabasha kubona ibyo muvuga zirimo WhatsApp, kandi nyuma y’ikiganiro, jya unyuzamo uhamagare kuri telefoni kugira ngo wizere neza ko ibyo mwavuganye byumvikanye neza. Ntukandike konti za banki cyangwa amagambo-banga mu mbuga ziganirwaho, imeyiri cyangwa mu gikari ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
• Niba uri mu Rwanda ukaba hari amafaranga ugomba kwakira avuye mu kindi gihugu, banza ugenzure ko umu-ajenti uzayafatiraho afite uruhushya rwo gutanga izo serivisi. Ukwiriye kandi gusaba umuntu ukoherereza amafaranga kubanza kugenzura niba ikigo agiye gukoresha cyanditse cyangwa kikaba gifite uruhushya rwo gukorera muri icyo gihugu nka serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga.
• Mu gihe waba ukorewe uburiganya cyangwa ukibwa, hita ubimenyesha polisi. Mu gihe uburiganya cyangwa ubujura bubayeho kuko hari ubwishyu wakoze wifashishije banki, hita ubimenyesha banki kuko bashobora guhagarika igenda ry’ayo mafaranga ubundi ukurikirane abo bajura.

Izina nama zagufasha kohereza amafaranga kuri murandasi mu buryo butekanye

• Niba ugiye kohereza amafaranga wifashishije porogaramu z’ikoranabuhanga z’ikigo gitanga izo serivisi, koresha iyo washyize ku gikoresho cyawe uyikuye ahantu hizewe. Aha ni muri App Store niba ukoresha igikoresho cya Apple ndetse na Google Play cyangwa Microsoft Store ku muntu ukoresha ibindi bikoresho. Porogaramu zivuye ahantu hatazwi zishobora kugukururira uburiganya cyangwa kwibwa umwirondoro. Jya ubanza usome ibitekerezo by’abazikoresheje mbere yawe.
• Igihe ufungura konti mu batanga serivisi zo kohereza amafaranga cyangwa izindi serivisi z’imari, koresha amagambo-banga akomeye udasanzwe ukoresha ku zindi konti (ibi ni mu gihe imwe yakwinjirirwa). Jya ugira ibanga amagambo-banga yawe kandi ntihakagire ukubwira kuzikoresha keretse gusa igihe uzikoresha mu kwinjira muri serivisi uzi neza ko ari iz’ukuri. Twakugira inama yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigufasha kubika amagambo-banga yawe, kandi ujye uyamenya mu mutwe, aho kuyandika ahantu. Ku yandi makuru arambuye yo kurema no kurinda amagambo-banga, soma inama zacu zerekeye amagambo-banga kuri uru rubuga.
• Koresha igikoresho gifite ikoranabuhanga rya 2FA (aho usabwa kubanza kwinjizamo kode uba wohererejwe mu butumwa bugufi cyangwa imeyiri) mbere yo kugerageza kwinjira muri konti yawe. Icyo gihe biba bitekanye.
• Igihe ubonye ubutumwa bugusaba kujyanisha n’igihe porogaramu ikoresha telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa zawe n’izindi porogaramu wifashisha, jya ubikora. Uretse kuba bituma ibyo uri gukora bikunogera kurushaho, kujyanisha n’igihe izo porogaramu bushyashya bizana undi mutekano ugufasha kohereza amafaranga yawe mu mutekano. Ushobora gushyiramo uburyo buzajya butuma izo porogaramu zijyanisha n’igihe ubwazo kugira ngo bikorohere.
• Iteka ujya ukoresha porogaramu z’umutekano ziri ku gihe (izi ni antivirusi) mu gikoresho cyawe, kandi zakije. Ibi bireba mudasobwa, telefoni zigezweho na tablets, harimo n’ibikoresho bya Apple.
• Irinde gukanda ku miyoboro wohererezwa muri imeyiri, ubutumwa bugufi cyangwa se mu butumwa wohererezwa mu gikari cyangwa ngo ufungure imigereka, kuko ishobora kukohereza ku mbuga z’abatekamutwe cyangwa zikagukururira ibyonnyi. Ibi byombi bishobora kugukururira uburiganya cyangwa kwibwa umwirondoro, cyangwa byombi.
• Igihe wasohotse, irinde gukoresha murandasi nziramugozi mu tubari, hoteli cyangwa ahandi hahurira abantu benshi igihe ushaka kohereza amafaranga cyangwa ubundi bwishyu. Impamvu ni uko izo murandasi zishobora kuba zitarahawe umutekano, kandi erega ishobora no kuba yarashyizweho n’umutekamutwe. Ushobora kubona andi makuru arambuye kuri murandasi nziramugozi ugasoma inama zacu zerekeye iyo ngingo ku rubuga rwacu.