Imiyoboro y’inziramugozi yahinduye uburyo dukoreshamo mudasobwa n’ibikoresho bigendandwa, byaba igihe turi mu rugo no mu biro, n’igihe turi hanze muri gahunda zitandukanye. Imiyoboro y’inziramugozi yo mu rugo no mu kazi yatumye byoroha gukoresha internet no kohereza no kwakira email mu cyumba twaba turimo cyose mu nyubako ndetse no hanze… kandi inafasha abashyitsi kubigenza batyo. Imiyoboro y’inziramugozi ‘rusange’ cyangwa ahantu haboneka internet bisobanuye ko twabikora kimwe igihe turi mu bigo bacururizamo serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga, amahoteli n’utubari N’ibikoresho bigendanwa bacomeka bitanga internet, cyangwa ‘dongles’, bitanga uburyo bworoshye kurushaho, buguha ubushobozi bwo gukorera kuri internet ahantu hose ushobora kubona internet ya 3G cyangwa 4G.
Inziramugozi yo mu rugo/ku kazi/igendanwa n’iya rusange (umuyoboro w’inziramugozi nk’uko zikunze kwitwa), zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rimwe (802.11). Hari ibibazo bimwe zihuriraho, hakaba n’ibyago buri imwe igiye yihariye. Ushobora kwirinda mu buryo bworoshye ukoresheje ingamba nke zoroshye zo kwirinda.
Imiyoboro y’inziramugozi zo mu Rugo/Akazi
Ibyago bishoboka
Niba igikoresho gitanga internet (hub, router, dongle) kidafite umutekano, abandi bantu bashobora kwinjiramo mu buryo bworoshye niba bari aho ishobora kubageraho. Ibi bishobora gutuma abantu batabyemerewe bakora ibikurikira:
- Gukoresha data zawe, bituma umuvuduko wo kuri internet ya mudasobwa yawe n’ibikoresho byawe ugirwaho ingaruka.
- Uburenganzira wari ufite bwo gukura ibintu kuri internet bugakoreshwa n’abandi, kandi wari wabyishyuriye mu kigo gitanga serivisi za internet (ISP).
- Gukura ikintu kuri internet ibintu bidakwiye, bizatuma aderese yawe ari yo igaragara mu gihe cy’ikurikiranwa aho kuba mudasobwa yabo.
- Bagera ku makuru y’ibanga igihe ushobora kuba uri kuyohereza cyangwa kuyakira kuri internet.
Gukoresha internet nziramugozi mu mutekano
Ibi byago byose byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kwirindwa ukoze gusa ku buryo igikoresho gitanga internet (hub, router, dongle) kiba gifite umutekano. Kugira ngo umenye ko ari uko bimeze, mu buryo bworoshye wareba imiyoboro y’inziramugozi iri kuboneka, kandi irinzwe izagaragazwa n’akamenyetso k’ingufuri.
Igihe ushyize mudasobwa, telefone igezweho, tablet, mudasobwa, printer cyangwa ikindi gikoresho gishobora gukoresha inziramugozi kuri hub, router cyangwa dongle, uzasabwa kwinjiza ijambo-banga/urufunguzo, igihe umuyoboro uzaba utekanye. Ibi bizatuma igikoresho kijya kuri internet kuri iyi nshuro kandi, n’ikindi gihe wongeye kujyaho. Ijambo-banga/urufunguzo bizazana na hub, router na dongle, ariko uzahabwa ubushobozi bwo kubihindura ugashyiramo ibyo uhisemo.
Niba uri gushyiramo hub, router, dongle bishya, ishobora kuzana n’akantu k’umutekano kariho gacanwe, byarakorewe mu ruganda. Hari inzego eshatu z’ingenzi za encryption ziboneka (WEP, WPA and WPA2), WPA2 ni rwo rwego ruhanitse. Hub, router na dongle nyinshi ziguha ubushobozi bwo guhitamo urwego rwisumbuyeho, ariko wibuke ko ibikoresho bishaje bimwe bishobora kudakorana n’inzego zo hejuru.
Niba ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose hub, router, dongle y’inziramugozi yo mu rugo/ku kazi/hanze bidafite umutekano, reba icyo agatabo k’amabwiriza y’imikoreshereze kabivugaho.
Ukore ku buryo uba ufite porogaramu ikumira virusi/porogaramu nzitirantasi (antispyware) na firewall bikora neza kandi bivuguruye mbere y’uko ukoresha inziramugozi rusange.
Rinda kode z’inziramugozi kugira ngo abandi batazibona cyangwa ngo bazikoreshe.
Wibuke ko kode winjiriraho ikunze kuba yanditse kuri hub cyangwa router, bityo reba ukuntu wayikuraho, cyangwa ukore ku buryo hub na router ubwayo itari ahabonetse hose mu gihe winjiriwe cyangwa hari abantu utazi binjiye iwawe.
Inziramugozi rusange
Ibyago bishoboka
Ibyago mu mutekano bijyanye no gukoresha inziramugozi rusange ni uko abantu batabyemerewe bashobora kubona ibyo uri gukorera kuri internet byose. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gusigarana amagambo-banga yawe no gusoma email zawe bwite. Ibi bishobora kuba igihe umuyoboro hagati y’igikoresho cyawe n’inziramugozi udafite encrypton, cyangwa iyo hari umuntu uremye internet ya baringa kugira ngo agushuke ugire ngo ni internet ya nyayo.
Ku muyoboro ufite encryption, uzasabwa kwinjizamo urufunguzo, rushobora kuba rusa n’ibintu bikurikira: 1A648C9FE2.
Cyangwa se, ushobora no gusabwa kwinjiramo gusa kugira ngo ubone internet. Ibi bizamenyesha ubitanga ko uri kuri internet mu kigo, hoteli cyangwa akabari ke. Nta mutekano uba wizewe ku rwego rudashidikanywaho igihe ukoresha encryption.
Inziramugozi rusange itekanye
- Usibye igihe uri gukoresha urubuga rwizewe, naho ubundi ntukajye wohereza cyangwa ngo wakire amakuru bwite uri gukoresha inziramugozi rusange.
- Aho bishoboka hose, koresha internet y’ibigo bizwi neza byayiguze nk’inziramugozi y’ubuntu ya Leta cyangwa itangwa n’ikigo cyawe cy’itumanaho ukoresha kuri telefone igendanwa.
- Abagize ikigo bashaka gukoresha umuyoboro w’akazi bagomba gukoresha umuyoboro ujimije wihariwe (VPN) wizewe ufite umutekano wizewe na encryption.
- Ukore ku buryo uba ufite porogaramu ikumira virusi/porogaramu nzitirantasi antispyware) na firewall bikora neza kandi bivuguruye mbere y’uko ukoresha inziramugozi rusange.
Izindi nama
- Ntugasige mudasobwa, telefone igezweho, tablet byawe ahantu utari kubigenzura.
- Witondere abantu bakuri iruhande bashobora kuba bari kureba ibyo uri gukorera kuri internet.