Inkuru ziyobya n’inkuru z’ibihuha

Amakuru ayobya

Ubusanzwe, amakuru ayobya ni amakuru atari ukuri, ashobora kuba:

• Ikintu runaka cyashyizwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa ubutumwa wohererejwe mu gikari
• Ubutumwa bugufi kuri telefoni cyangwa imeyiri
• Paji imwe y’urubuga rwa murandasi cyangwa urubuga rwose
• Inyandiko yahererekanyijwe.

Akenshi, amakuru ayobya akunda guhererekanwa n’abantu buhumyi batazi ko amakuru bari gutanga atari ukuri cyangwa ko ayobya cyangwa ko ashobora gushyira abantu mu byago. Nguko uko amakuru ayobya asakara mu gihe gito gishoboka, kandi agakurikirwa n’ingaruka zitagira ingano. Gusa, amakuru atari ukuri yasakajwe bizwi neza ko atari ukuri neza, nayo yitwa ko ari amakuru ayobya.

Amakuru y’ibihuha

Muri iki gihe cy’imbuga nkoranyambaga zitagira kigenzura, igihe hariho ibihumbi by’amagana y’imbuga z’ikoranabuhanga zinyuzwaho amakuru ndetse n’inkuru ziba zatangiwe amafaranga ngo zitangazwe, kugerwaho n’amakuru y’ibihuha birashoboka cyane.

Ubwoko bubiri bw’amakuru y’ibihuha

• Inkuru zitari ukuri ziba zatangajwe ku bushake ngo zihindure imitekerereze n’ibyemezo byawe, ngo zitume ubasha gusura imbuga runaka (zishobora kuba iz’abatekamutwe, cyangwa ziriho amakuru ubusanzwe utakwifuza kureba), zituma wizera ikintu kitari ukuri cyangwa ukagura igicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi runaka.
• Inkuru zifite ukuri kutuzuye neza, nko gutangaza ibirori runaka byabayeho ariko ugatangaza mu buryo bugoramye bimwe mu byabereyemo cyangwa amwe mu makuru yerekeye ibyo birori nk’impamvu yatumye biba cyangwa se ibyabivugiwemo. Ubu bwoko bw’amakuru y’ibihuha bubaho hagamijwe gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo n’ibitekerezo runaka by’umuntu cyangwa ikigo runaka biba byakomotseho, kugira ngo batume ubisoma yiyumva uko babyifuza.

Nanone, amwe mu makuru y’ibihuha avuka mu buryo inkuru ziba zagiye zihererekanwa ziva ku muntu umwe zijya ku wundi. Kandi kuko abantu benshi batajya bagenzura inkomoko y’inkuru mbere yo kuyisangiza abandi, kimwe n’uko bigenda ku makuru ayobya, aya na yo ashobora gusakara hose mu gihe gito cyane.

Abantu bamwe bajya bemeza ko amakuru y’ukuri kandi yagenzuwe neza ari ibihuha, kubera ko batemeranya n’ibivugwamo cyangwa se batayakunze.

Uburyo bwo gutandukanya amakuru y’ukuri n’ibihuha

• Banza wibaze niba icyo kintu ubusanzwe gishobora kubaho. Gerageza gushyira ubwenge bw’imitekerereze mu byo usoma cyangwa wumvana abandi, wibaze impamvu byanditswe, niba bagamije guhindura ibitekerezo byawe, gutuma ugura ikintu runaka, kukohereza ku rundi rubuga runaka cyangwa se gutuma wumirwa gusa.
• Ese hari undi watangaje iyo nkuru? Genzura niba hari izindi mbuga zizewe zaba zatangaje ibyo bintu ubonye.
• Kora ubushakashatsi ku bantu cyangwa urubuga rwatangaje iyo nkuru. Menya andi makuru aberekeye, urugero, niba ari umuntu, cyangwa urubuga ubusanzwe rufitiwe icyizere. Gerageza urebe niba hari aho wabona ibitekerezo bitabogamye by’abantu bagize icyo bavuga ku mikorere y’urwo rubuga.
• Genzura ibivugwamo. Ubusanzwe inkuru y’ukuri iba irimo imibare n’ubushakashatsi byakuwe ahantu hizewe, ndetse ahandi habaye nk’ibyo hakunda kugaragazwa. Akenshi, bikunze guhita byigaragaza ko iyo nkuru igamije kuyobya cyangwa se ari ibintu by’ibihimbano biri aho gusa.
• Genzura amafoto. Amafoto cyangwa ibishushanyo biherekeza inkuru z’ibihuha akunze kuba yakosoweho kugira ngo ahe imbaraga inkuru, kandi akenshi uwabikoze abikora nabi. Ushobora nanone kugenzura niba iyo foto yaba yibwe ahandi hantu, wifashishije uburyo buzwi nka “Google reverse image”.

Koresha umutimanama wawe. Zirikana ko igihe wumvise ikintu kidasanzwe, kitari ukuri cyangwa bigoranye ko cyaba ukuri, burya akenshi ntabwo uba wibeshye.