Imbuga nkoranyamabaga ni ikintu gishya cyazanye impinduramatwara ku isi, bituma amamiriyari y’abantu ku isi hose bagumana ku murongo n’inshuti zabo, bagahana ubumenyi n’amafoto ndetse bakanahererekanya amakuru bwite. Mu buryo bwinshi, zasimbuye telefoni na email. Ku bantu benshi, zahindutse uburyo bw’imibereho.
Imbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye ni ibikoresho by’ingirakamaro bikoreshwa n’ibigo byinshi n’abantu mu kugwiza abantu no gutanga amakuru yamamaza ibyo bacuruza.
Imiterere y’imbuga nkoranyambaga, kuba ziba zifite abantu benshi cyane bazikoresha mutaziranye, bisobanuye ko kuzikoresha bikurura ibyago byo ku rwego runaka harimo no kuba wakwibasirwa n’abanyabyaha bifashisha internet.
Ibyago bishoboka
- Gushyirirwa hanze amabanga bwite yawe n’undi muntu cyangwa inshuti/abo muganira.
- Gutoteza.
- Kuneka hagamijwe ikibi.
- Kwinjira mu makuru atajyanye n’imyaka yawe.
- Kwigarurira no guhohotera abana kuri internet.
- Guhura n’amagambo mabi, aganisha ku busambanyi, y’ubuhezanguni cyangwa y’irondakoko, cyangwa ibikorwa byo gutukana cyangwa imyitwarire y’urwango.
- Abantu bagerageza kukwigarurira cyangwa kukwibasira mu guhindura imyemerere-shingiro yawe cyangwa ingengabitekerezo, cyangwa gufata inzira z’ubuhezanguni.
- Gutoteza cyangwa gushinja kwandika ku rubuga inkuru zitukana cyangwa ibitekerezo bidakwiye.
- Email zikubiyemo ubutumwa bugamije gushukana ziva ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ariko zigukangurira gusura imbuga mpimbano cyangwa zidakwiye.
- Inyandiko (post) z’inshuti, abandi bantu cyangwa ibigo bigukangurira kwinjira ku mbuga mpimbano cyangwa zidakwiye.
- Abantu binjira bujura muri konti cyangwa paji yawe.
- Virusi cyangwa porogaramu ntasi (spyware) zikugeraho binyuze mu butumwa bw’imigereka cyangwa amafoto.
- Wowe cyangwa umwe mu bagize umuryango wawe kuba yatangaza amakuru ko udahari cyangwa ugiye kujya mu kiruhuko maze ukaba wamamaje ko nta muntu uri iwawe, ibisambo bikaba bibonye urwaho rwo kukwiba. Uramutse ukoze ibyo maze ukabaza ibijyanye n’ubwishingizi kubera kwibwa igihe utari uhari, ikigo cyawe cy’ubwishingizi gishobora kutemera impamvu yawe.
- Kuba imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoresha amakuru bwite yawe ku zindi mpamvu zitari izo gucunga konti yawe, nko kuyagurisha ibindi bigo.
- Kuba imbuga nkoranyambaga zagira ibibazo byo kwinjirirwa mu makuru, bigatuma amakuru yawe bwite ajya mu byago.
Gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu mutekano
Ushobora kwirinda ibi byago kandi ukishimira ikoreshwa ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga ukurikiza aya mabwiriza make kandi y’ingenzi:
- Ntukemere ko igitutu cy’abandi cyangwa ibyo abandi bakorera ku mbuga byatuma ukora ibintu utishimiye.
- Igengeserere ibigendanye no kwandika cyangwa kugaragaza amakuru yawe bwite, byaba ku makuru yawe agaragaza uwo uri we cyangwa ibyo wanditse ku rubuga nka nimero zawe za telefone, ifoto y’urugo rwawe, aho ukorera cyangwa ishuri, aderesi cyangwa isabukuru yawe y’amavuko.
- Toranya izina ukoresha ritarimo amakuru bwite y’ibanga.
- Nk’urugero, “jean_kamana” cyangwa “grace_uwitonze” ashobora kuba amahitamo mabi.
- Shyiraho konti yindi yaemail ifugasha kwiyandikisha no kwakira ubutumwa buturutse ku rubuga. Nk’uko wabikoze, niba wifuza gufunga konti/paji byawe/ushobora guhagarika gukoresha ya konti ya email. Gushyiraho email nshya ni ibintu byoroshye kandi byihuta ukoresheje ibigo bitanga izo serivisi nka Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail cyangwa gmail.
- Koresha amagambo-banga akomeye.
- Funga amakuru agaragaza uwo uri we kandi wemerere inshuti zawe gusa kuyareba.
- Soma amategeko n’amabwiriza by’imbuga nkoranyambaga ku birebana n’uko bakoresha amakuru yawe. Ibi bishobora kubikwa ku ‘dupapuro duto dufatika’
- Icyagiye kuri internet kiguma kuri internet. Ntukagire ikintu uvuga cyangwa amafoto utangaza byashobora kukubangamira wowe cyangwa undi muntu.
- Ntugatangaze na rimwe ibitekerezo bitukana cyangwa byaba igitutsi ku bandi bantu cyangwa amatsinda runaka.
- Menya ibyo inshuti zawe zigutangazaho, cyangwa ibyo basubiza ku byo wanditse, cyane cyane ibirebana n’amakuru yawe bwite n’ibikorwa byawe.
- Ibuka ko ibigo byinshi bigira akamenyero ko kugenzura amakuru cyangwa paji by’imbuga nkoranyambaga z’abakozi, bityo rero itondere ibyo uvuga, ubwoko bw’amafoto utangaza n’amakuru agaragaza uwo uri we.
- Ntugatangaze amatariki y’ibiruhuko byawe cyangwa amafoto y’umuryango igihe uri kure kubera ko imbuga nkoranyambaga ari igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu bujura bugezweho.
- Iga uko wakoresha urubuga ku buryo bukwiye. Koresha uburyo bwo kugira ibanga amakuru bwite yawe (privacy feature) mu gukumira abo utazi kuba bwkwinjira mu makuru agaragaza uwo uri we.
- Genzura abo ukwiriye kureka bakinjira mu muyoboro wawe.
- Jya uhora uri maso ku bijyanye n’ubutumwa bushukana, harimo n’abariganga bagusaba ubucuti n’inyandiko (post) z’abantu cyangwa ibigo bagutumira gusura izindi paji cyangwa imbuga.
- Niba udafatiwe mu butumwa bushukana, genzura niba wakuyeho ubutumwa bugaragaza ko igitekerezo kishimiwe cyangwa porogaramu zitanga uruhushya kuri konti yawe.
- Genzura niba ufite ikoranabuhanga rikumira virusi/porogaramu nzitirantasi antispyware) bigezweho kandi bikora neza ndetse ko n’urukuta rukumira (firewall) rukora neza mbere y’uko ujya kuri internet.
Andi makuru
Sura paji z’imbuga nkoranyambaga zivuga ku mutekano wawe: