Gukoresha Mac ufite umutekano

Mudasobwa za Apple Mac ntizipfa kwinjirwamo n’ibyonnyi  cyane nk’iza Windows. Abantu benshi, mu by’ukuri, bazi ko mudasobwa za Mac zitajya zinjirwamo na virusi cyangwa izindi porogaramu zonona , ariko ntabwo ibi ari ko bimeze mu by’ukuri. Uko umubare w’ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo barushaho gukoresha mudasobwa za Mac, ni nako ibikorwa bigamije kuzirwanya birushaho nabyo kwiyongera.

Izindi ngingo nyinshi zo ku rubuga rwa Get Safe Online ni zimwe n’iza Mac, nk’umutekano na backup, kandi izi ngingo zigomba gusomwa niba ushaka kurinda Mac yawe.  

Iyi nkuru iravuga kuri Mac OS X ariko ntivuga ku zindi zayibanjirije. Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kubungabunga umutekano, turagira abantu inama yo gukoresha verisiyo yayo iheruka.

Ibyago bishoboka

• Virusi, spyware n’izindi porogaramu zangiza.
• Ibitero bya ba rushimusi  bagambiriye kwiba amakuru bwite cyangwa ajyanye n’umutungo.
• Kubura mudasobwa bitewe no kwibwa, uburangare, impanuka y’umuriro/umwuzure ndetse n’ibindi biza.

Kurinda Mac yawe​​​​​​​

Hora  uvugurura porogramu yawe. Koresha amavugurura y’umutekano n’amavugurura ya sisitemu akijya ahagaragara. Wibuke kandi ko Mac ishobora kwanduza virusi izindi mudasobwa kabone n’iyo yo yaba ntacyo iyo virusi iyitwara.

• Reba amavugurura yo kujyanisha n’igihe unyuze muri “System Preferences”  maze uhitemo “Software Update”,  hanyuma ukande ahanditse “Check Now”.
• Genzura niba ahanditse “Check for Updates” wahemeje, ndetse niba no mu rutonde baguhaye watoranyije ahanditse “Daily”. Ibi bizatuma wizera ko mudasobwa yawe yijyanisha n’igihe buri munsi. Nyamara, ibi bikora gusa iyo winjiyemo  nka admin.
• Kugenzura uko wabona uburyo bwo kujyanisha n’igihe (updates), jya muri Apple menu,  maze uhitemo ahanditse Software Update. Iri genzura rikwiye gukorwa kenshi.
• Ushobora gushaka izindi updagrates zirenzeho  kuri Apple.
• Reba kandi kenshi ku mbuga z’abakoze izindi porogaramu zitakozwe na Mac,  kugira ngo ushobore kujyanisha porogaramu zabo n’igihe. Updates za Microsoft ushobora kuzikura kuri www.microsoft.com/mac/downloads

Fungura firewall ​​​​​​​

• Fungura porogaramu ya “System Preferences” ukande ahanditse “Security”; kandi ahanditse “Firewall” maze ukande ahanditse “Start”.

Porogaramu zirwanya virusi/Porogaramu nzirantasi​​​​​​​

• Genzura neza buri gihe ko ufite porogaramu ikumira virusi/porogaramu nzitirantasi ikora neza kandi ivuguruye. Abenshi mu bacuruza porogaramu ifasha kurinda umutekano wa internet  bagurisha iryo koranabuhanga icya rimwe ku matsinda ndetse no ku muntu ku giti cye, kandi batanga n’iryagenewe mudasobwa za Mac by’umwihariko.

Backups

Amakuru ufite kuri Mac yawe ashobora kuba adasimburwa. Gukora “backup”  y’amakuru  ufite muri mudasobwa kenshi bituma wizera ko ufite kopi y’amakuru irenze imwe.

iCloud ni bwo bubiko  bwizeye bwa Apple bwo kubona amakuru kuri internet no kuyabika neza. Ushobora kubikaho, amafoto, videwo n’inyandiko kandi ubu buryo butuma ushobora kubona amakuru yawe ku bindi bikoresho byawe byose bya Apple nka mudasobwa za  Mac, iPhones na iPads. iCloud ni uburyo bwiza ku bantu badakenera kubika ibintu byinshi, butanga ububiko bungana na 5GB ku buntu. Ububiko burenze kuri ubu bwishyurwa ku mwaka bitewe n’ingano y’amakuru yabitsweho. iCloud ibika amakuru mu byiciro, mu gihe kubika amakuru ya mbere bishobora gutwara igihe  kirekire, inshuro zikurikiraho zirihuta cyane kuko impinduka zakozwe nyuma y’igihe amakuru aherutse kubikirwa, ni zo zibikwa zonyine.

Bitewe n’ikiguzi cyo gukora backup  kuri iCloud,  cyangwa ukaba  ufite internet  igenda gake cyangwa nta nayo,  ushobora kwifuza guhitamo kuyabika hafi yawe, nko kuri “hard disk”  yakozwe na Apple cyangwa izindi nganda. Macs ifite uburyo ikoresha bwubakanye nayo bwitwa “Time Machine”, bukora  “backup” za hato na hato z’inyandiko, bukaba bufite ubushobozi bwo kuzigarura nyuma y’igihe runaka. Inagufasha kuvugurura imikorere yose (kuva kuri OS X Install DVD), inyandiko nyinshi,  cyangwa imwe.

Izindi nama ​​​​​​​

• Koresha amagambo-banga agoye gufindura kandi uyavugurure kenshi.
• OS X ikoresha Keychain, uburyo butanga amagambo-banga akomeye.
• Mac OS X ihagarika “root user” mu buryo buhoraho. Ntikwiriye na rimwe gukoreshwa.
• Ku wundi mutekano, jya muri porogaramu ya System Preferences, hitamo Security  hanyuma wemeze kuri buri mahitamo mu gice cyo hasi muri screen: Saba ko hajya hakoreshwa ijambo-banga mu gukangura iyi mudasobwa; hagarika uburyo butanga uburenganzira bwo kwinjira hadashyizwemo ijambo-banga,  saba ko hagomba gukoreshwa ijambo-banga mu gufungura buri mahitamo y’ubwirizi, shyiramo uburyo bwo kwifunga mu gihe imaze iminota 10 idakoreshwa;  kandi ukoreshe ububiko bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ubwinshi muri ubu buryo bufitanye isano no kubuza abantu batabyemerewe kwinjira muri mudasobwa.
• Koresha uburyo bwo gushyira inyandiko zawe mu buryo butabasha gusomwa na buri wese,  mu gihe mudasobwa yawe yaba yibwe, by’umwihariko niba ukoresha MacBook, MacBook Pro cyangwa MacBook Air. Bizatuma nta muntu ushobora gusoma inyandiko  zawe. Kugira ngo ubashe kubikora, jya muri porogaramu ya “System Preferences”, hitamo “Security”  hanyuma ufungure “FileVault”.
• Jya ahanditse “Secure Empty Trash” hari muri menu ya “Finder” kugira ngo ushwanyaguze burundu inyandiko zasibwe, hato hatazagira abazisoma.
• Niba ukoresha VirtualPC, menya neza ko ifite umutekano nk’aho yaba ari isanzwe.
• Niba Mac ikoreshwa n’abantu batandukanye, shyiraho konti ya buri muntu n’ijambo ry’ibanga yinjiriraho kugira ngo amakuru ya buri wese abikwe ku buryo butandukanye ndetse unirinde ko buri muntu wese yagira ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere y’umutekano wa mudasobwa. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, jya muri porogaramu ya “System Preferences”, uhitemo “Accounts”. Kurikiza amabwiriza ajyanye no kongeraho konti nshya zizakoreshwa n’abandi no gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rifasha ababyeyi kugenzura amakuru abana babona ndetse n’indi mipaka.