Iyi paji itanga inama kuri bimwe mu bikorwa bifite akamaro kanini by’umwihariko mu bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kurinda mudasobwa zikoresha sisitemu za Linux. Hariho kandi inama ku bantu ubwabo bakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Linux (nk’abakorera mu rugo cyangwa mu bucuruzi buciriritse).
Ibikoresho byinshi bigezweho bya Linux bizana n’iby’ibanze mu bijyanye n’umutekano (kuvugurura porogaramu/serivisi byikora, kubika ibikorwa wakoze kuri modasobwa, kugena uwinjira n’utinjira, ibijyanye n’igikuta cy’umutekano wa mudasobwa), rimwe na rimwe biza byarashyizwemo mu gihe cyo gukora Linux. Abantu bakoresha mudasobwa zikoresha Linux bagomba kuba bafite ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu bijyanye na sisitemu y’imikorere yayo, kandi bagahabwa inama zisumbuyeho bibaye ngombwa (nk’ibyo bakura ku rubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Linux rwemewe, amahuriro yemewe ya Linux yo kuri internet cyangwa email bajya bakira zivuye kuri linux zijyanye n’umutekano ku gikoresho cy’umwihariko cya Linux kiri gukoreshwa).
Ibyago bishoboka
Ibyago bishingiye ku myitwarire
- Ibyago byinshi nk’ubutekamutwe, ubushukanyi no kwibwa umwirondoro byibasira abakoresha Linux kimwe n’abandi bakoresha ayandi magenamikorere.
- Amahitamo aciriritse nko gukoresha amagambo-banga yoroshye cyangwa ntakoreshwe, kunanirwa kugenzura inshuro urubuga rwafunguwe no kudakoresha neza porogaramu ya Linux.
Ibyago bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga
- Ingorane kuri mudasobwa za Linux zishobora kwiyongera bitewe n’uko umuntu akoresha serivisi zidakenewe kandi agasiga injyano z’umuyoboro (network ports) zifite intege nke zifunguye.
- Kunanirwa gukoresha vuba cyangwa burundu porogaramu na serivisi bya Linux, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ibyago.
- Gukoresha serivisi zidafite umutekano, nko gukoresha imikorere igenewe ihuzanzira ryegeranye kuri internet.
Ibyago byo kubyaza umusaruro
- Ubuhanga ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, kwiba amakuru.
- Ubutumwa budakenewe, porogaramu zangiza n’izitanga uburyo bwo kwinjira muri mudasobwa utabiherewe uburenganzira za Trojan, botnet, inzugi z’inyuma (back doors), virusi, na rootkit.
- Kwanga ibitero kuri serivisi.
- Gukabya ubwisanzure budafitiwe uburenganzira.
Kurinda amakuru yawe n’aho ukorera.
Tangira
1. Koresha porogaramu ya Linux (harimo imikorere, amakuru ajyanye na porogaramu za mudasobwa) iturutse ahantu hazwi kandi hizewe nka CD na DVD yemewe n’amategeko cyangwa urubuga rwemewe n’amategeko rutanga Linux.
2. Shyiramo sisitemu ya Linux muri mudasobwa zawe ku buryo ushyiramo ibyumba (urugero ukoresheje fdisk (cyangwa ikindi bihuje imikorereakamaro) kugira ngo utandukanye icyumba cy’inzira, umwanya wo guhinduriramo, dosiye z’inyabibiri n’umwanya abayikoresha bakwifashisha).
3. Reba ukuri kw’iyo sisitemu y’imikorere ya Linux mbere y’uko uyishyiramo (urugero wemeze ko umukono koranabuhanga ari wo ndetse/cyangwa umubare nyakuri).
4. Irinde kwinjira nk’ufite uburenganzira nk’umuzi (root). Ahubwo, winjire nk’umuntu ufite konti idafite ibyo yemerewe noneho ukoreshe komande ukora akazi gasanzwe.
5. Kuramo uburyo bwikoresha (cyangwa ibijya gusa nabyo) kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu byajya byikoresho utabisabye.
6. Shyiramo uburyo bwo kwifunga igihe abazikoresha bamaze umwanya runaka wagennye batari gukoresha ibikoresho byayo (urugero iminota 15).
7. Kora ku buryo ibigize Linux byajya bihora byivugurura (urugero ureba niba hari porogaramu n’ibyo komekaho byagufasha kuvugurura sisitemu y’imikorere).
Kugena imiterere ya serivisi n’abazikoresha
1. Zimya cyangwa uhagarike serivisi cyangwa porogaramu zitangirana na mudasobwa iyo yakijwe bidakenewe (harimo ibijyanye na burutusu/ bluetooth, USB, umuyoboro w’inziramugozi na infraruje).
2. Irinde gukoresha porogaramu za admin zidafite umutekano nka rlogin, telnet, tftp, ftp, rsh na rexec, kandi igihe winjiriye hanze y’akazi koresha uburyo bufite umutekano, ndetse no gihe cyo kohererezanya dosiye, porogaramu z’uburinzi, nka sftp, scp na ssh.
3. Kuramo konti z’abayikoresha zidakenewe (urugero, umushyitsi) n’amatsinda, kandi ukore ku buryo abayikoresha bose basabwa kubanza kwivuga (urugero, bakoresheje ijambo-banga) mbere y’uko bemererwa gukoresha igikoresho cya Linux.
4. Koresha amagambo-banga akomeye ku bakoresha ibikoresho bya Linux bose (urugero, nibura amagambo umunani, uruhurirane rw’amagambo mu nyuguti nkuru, inyuguti nto, imibare, n’inyuguti zidasanzwe).
5. Kurinda ibikoresho bya Linux bisaba ibikorwa bitandukanye, byinshi muri byo bireba mudasobwa utitaye kuri porogaramu sisitemu z’imikorere zikoresha, zirimo Microsoft Windows na Apple Mac OS X (urugero, kurinda uruhererekane mu gutangira, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemera dosiye, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemerera abinjira, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuzigama amakuru no kugenzura dosiye cyangwa ibikorwa bidasobanutse).
6. Abantu bakeneye izindi nama ku buryo bwo kurinda ibikoresho bya Linux (harimo inkuta z’umutekano wa mudasobwa, kwirinda virusi, guhisha disk na dosiye, kurinda email, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kujya kuri internet, na porogaramu yo kuzigama amakuru), wareba umuntu cyangwa umuryango bafite inararibonye muri Linux n’umutekano wayo bakakugira nama.