Gukoresha internet mu mutekano

Internet yahinduye uburyo tubaho ubuzima bwacu, idushoboza gusoma amakuru, kuryoherwa n’imyidagaduro, gukora ubushakashatsi, guteganyiriza ibiruhuko, kugura no kugurisha, guhaha, ihuzanzira (network), kwiga, gukoresha banki ndetse no gukora ibindi bikorwa bya buri munsi.

Ariko rero, hari ibyago byinshi bigendanye no kujya kuri internet. Ibi byaterwa no gusura imbuga zitizewe cyangwa kuba hafungurwa amakuru bwite yawe utabitangiye uburenganzira.

Ibyago bishoboka

Ibyago byo gusura imbuga zitizewe, zikorerwaho ibyaha cyangwa zitari zo harimo:

• Virusi na spyware (zizwi nka porogaramu zangiza).
• Ubujura, bugamije kubona amakuru yawe bwite na/cyangwa amakuru y’ubukungu bwawe ndetse byashoboka ukibwa umwirondoro wawe.
• Ubutekamutwe, bubera ku mbuga zo guhaha, gukoresha banki, gufasha abakene, gushaka abakunzi, gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga, imikino, urusimbi no ku zindi mbuga.
• Kwica amategeko arengera uburenganzira bw’umuhanzi ku gihangano ke,  kwandukura cyangwa gupakurura porogaramu zirinzwe, videwo, indirimbo, amafoto cyangwa inyandiko.
•  Kubona amakuru utari witeze kandi aterekeranye n’ayo wifuzaga.

Iyo ukoresha internet, browser  yawe (nka Internet Explorer, Opera, Chrome, Safari, cyangwa Firefox) ibika amakuru y’imbuga wasuye muri “history”.

Iyo ukoresha internet, ikigo gitanga internet ukoresha kibasha kubona imbuga wasuye,  kikabika amakuru yose y’uko wakoresheje internet, bakabikora mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.

Gukoresha internet  mu mutekeno

Biroroshye cyane kwiba ku rubuga nyarwo ndetse ntibyatwara uwanya ngo umuntu akore urubuga rugaragara nk’umwimerere, ariko ari urugamije amafuti.

Kwitondera imbuga z’ubutekamutwe, z’abanyabyaha cyangwa zitemewe:

• Koresha amakenga n’inyurabwenge byawe.
• Suzuma niba hari aderesi, nimero ya telefoni na/cyangwa email, akenshi ibi biranga ko urubuga rwizewe. Niba ushidikanyije, ohereza ubutumwa cyangwa uhamagare kugira ngo wizere ubuziranenge.
• Suzuma ko aderesi y’urubuga yizewe ureba amakosa y’imyandikire, andi magambo, inyuguti cyangwa imibare cyangwa izina ritandukanye burundu n’iryo wari witeze.
• Nyuza  suri (souris/mouse) hejuru ya link wohererejwe  kugira ngo umenye aho igambiriye kujya,  bigaragarira hasi mu nguni y’ibumoso ya broweser  yawe. Itonde niba ibi bitandukanye n’ibigaragarira mu nyandiko y’urubuga yo ku rundi rubuga cyangwa ubutumwa.
• Niba nta ngufuri igaragara mu idirishya rya browser  cyangwa ngo ube ufite‘https://’ ku ntangiriro y’aderesi y’urubuga, ari nabyo bigaragaza  ko ari urubuga rwizewe, reka kwandika umwirondoro wawe bwite kuri urwo rubuga.
• Imbuga zigusaba amakuru yawe bwite menshi birenze uko wabitekerezaga, nk’izina ukoresha, ijambo-banga cyangwa andi MAKURU ARAMBUYE y’umutekano, wasanga ari imbuga z’ubutekamutwe.
• Irinde ‘ubutubuzi’ usuzuma aderesi muri browser  nyuma y’uko ugeze ku rubuga kugira ngo umenye neza niba ihura na aderesi wanditse. Ibi byakurinda kwisanga ku rubuga rutizewe kabone n’ubwo waba winjijemo umwirondoro nyawo. Urugero: Ugasanga handitse ‘eebay’ aho kuba ‘ebay’.
• Buri gihe gisha inama nyazo mbere yo gufata umwanzuro wo gushora imari. Imbuga zamamaza ishoramari rihuse cyangwa rifite inyungu nyinshi, haba mu migabane cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitaboneka ku isoko risanzwe nka divayi ya kera, wisiki cyangwa amazu, zikunze kuba ari impimbano.
• Itondere imbuga ziteza imbere gahunda zo gutanga akazi ku bandi bantu, kubakirira amafaranga cyangwa kwishyura mbere.
• Niba ukemanga urubuga, kora ubushakashatsi kuri internet urebe niba urwo rubuga rwizewe cyangwa ari urutuburano.
• Itondere imbuga zamamajwe binyuze mu butumwa bwoherejwe n’abantu utazi.

Imbuga zifite umutekano​​​​​​​

Mbere yo kwinjiza amakuru bwite nk’amagambo y’ibanga cyangwa ikarita yo kwishyuriraho ku rubuga, wamenya ko urubuga rwizewe mu buryo bubiri:

• Hagomba kuba ikimenyetso cy’ingufuri mu idirishya rya browser, kiboneka iyo ugerageje gufungura cyangwa kwiyandikisha. Menya neza ko ingufuri itari ku rupapuro nyirizina…ibi byakerekana ko urubuga ari urw’abatekamutwe.
• Aderesi y’urubuga igomba gutangizwa na ‘https://’. Inyuguti ya ‘s’  isobanura “secure” bisobanura ‘gitekanye’.

Ibyo bivuzwe haruguru byerekana ko ba nyiri urubuga bafite ibyemezo bigezweho bitangwa n’ababifitiye ububasha, nka VeriSign cyangwa Thawte, bigaragaza ko amakuru yatanzwe kuri internet avuye kuri uwo rubuga ahishwe na kode (encryption)  kandi arinzwe, adashobora kugerwaho no kwibwa n’abandi bantu. Mu yandi magambo, ibiganiro hagati yawe n’urubuga bifite umutekano, ariko nta cyizere cy’uko nyiri urubuga ari ikigo cyangwa umuntu utekereza ko muri kuvugana …ukwiye kugenzura witonze paji y’urubuga ngo wemeze umwimerere warwo.

Mu gihe ukoresha imbuga utazi, reba icyemezo cy’igenagaciro “Extended Validation” (cyangwa EV-SSL), kerekana ko inzego zatanze icyo cyemezo zakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri nyiri urwo rubuga. Ubwoko bw’icyemezo bushobora kuboneka ukanze ku kimenyetso cy’ingufuri muri browser  izahita igaragaza agasanduku karimo amakuru.

Zirikana kandi ko ikimenyetso cy’ingufuri kitavuze imyitwarire myiza y’umucuruzi cyangwa umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho.

Ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru ku rubuga (cookies)​​​​​​​

Ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru ni porogaramu iba kuri mudasobwa yawe, telefoni igezweho cyangwa tablet  urubuga rukoresha mu kubika amakuru akwerekeyeho mu bihe bitandukanye.Akenshi iri koranabuhanga ririzewe, ribika ibyakozwe byose mu izina ukoresha kuri internet ku buryo udasabwa gufungura urubuga igihe cyose urusuye, kandi ribika ibyo ukunda gukoresha. Ariko rero, iri koranabuhanga rikurikirana amakuru ukunda gushakisha ku buryo rishobora kukwamamazaho, cyangwa rigakoreshwa n’abanyabyaha bagendera ku byo ukunda bagamije ubutekamutwe.

• Gena uburyo browser  yawe ikuburira mu gihe iryo koranabuhanga rije ku rubuga rwawe. Zirikana ko imbuga zimwe zidakora iyo ufunze burundu iryo koranabuhanga ribika amakuru.
• Browser  zimwe na zimwe zikwemerera gufungura cyangwa gufunga iryo koranabuhanga ku rubuga rumwe na rumwe, bityo ushobora kubyemera gusa ku mbuga wizeye.
• Koresha porogaramu nzitirantasi (anti-spyware) mu kwirinda ikoranabuhanga ryangiza.
• Hari na porogaramu zicunga ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru rishobora gusiba irishaje rikanafasha mu kurigenzura. Na none ushobora gukoresha amagenamiterere muri browser ugasiba ibyo udakeneye.
• Koresha inyandiko ifunguye mu kwandika ubutumwa aho gukoresha email ya HTML  kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rikurikirana inyandiko na “cookies”  bitivanga mu nyandiko za email.
• Imbuga zo mu Bwongereza zikenera uruhushya rwawe kugira ngo zikoreshe cookies.

Gukoresha browser  mu mutekano​​​​​​​

Browser nyinshi zo kuri internet  zigufasha gucunga amagenamiterere nko kwemerera cyangwa gufunga imbuga runaka, gufunga amatangazo ndetse no gushakisha mu ibanga. Izo browser zizakubwira kubikora mu buryo bunyuranye, none rero tukugira inama yo gusura ibyerekeye umutekano n’amakuru bwite y’ibanga by’izo mbuga, cyangwa ubufasha kuri izo mbuga ubwazo:

Internet Explorer

Opera

Chrome

Safari

Firefox

Browser zimwe na zimwe zifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya imbuga z’intuburano ako kanya.

Buri gihe menya neza ko uri gukoresha browser igezweho kandi itabangamira imikorere ya mudasobwa yawe. Na none, zirikana gushaka no gushyira ku gikoresho cyawe browser zigezweho.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko gukoresha igenamiterere rya browser yawe bwite cyangwa gusiba ibyo washakishije bituma gusa abandi bantu bakoresha mudasobwa yawe batabona imbuga wasuye. Ikigo gitanga internet, urubuga ushakishaho, inzego z’amategeko ndetse niba bishoboka (niba uri gushakisha uri ku kazi) n’umukoresha wawe, bashobora kubona imbuga wasuye cyangwa amagambo y’ingenzi washakishije.

Buri gihe ibuka gufunga urubuga niba urangije ibyo wakoraga, kandi ubikore mbere y’uko ufunga browser. Gufunga browser ntibivuze ko ufunze urubuga.

Genzura niba ufite ikoranabuhanga rikumira virusi/ porogaramu nzitirantasi (anti-spyware) bigezweho kandi bikora neza ndetse ko n’urukuta rukumira (firewall)  rukora mbere y’uko ujya kuri internet.

Icyo wakora uhuye n’amakuru atemewe n’amategeko​​​​​​​

• Niba uhuye n’amakuru ubona ko atemewe n’amategeko nk’amashusho y’ihohotera rikorerwa abana cyangwa amakuru y’ibyaha by’urukozasoni, ukwiye kubimenyesha IWF:  www.iwf.org.uk.
• Niba uhuye n’amakuru ubona ko atemewe n’amategeko nk’irondaruhu cyangwa iterabwoba, ukwiye kubimenyesha Polisi.