Email zidakenewe n’izabatekamutwe

Email ni igikoresho cyiza cy’itumanaho kandi ikaba n’uburyo ibigo bishobora gukoresha bikumenyesha ibicuruzwa na serivisi byabo bishya. Icyakora, email ikunze gukoreshwa mu kohereza ibintu udashaka ishobora kukubangamira,  ariko ishobora no kuba ikibazo cyane iyo ikugiraho ingaruka mbi, igateza ikibazo gikomeye mudasobwa yawe nawe ubwawe.

Ibi birimo ibintu bikurikira:

Email udakeneye (cyangwa udashaka)

Email nyinshi zoherezwa buri munsi ziba ari email zitasabwe. Ingero zirimo:

• Kwamamaza, urugero farumasi zikorera kuri internet, filimi z’urukozasoni, kurambagiza, imikino y’amahirwe.
• Uburyo bwo guhamagarira abantu gukira vuba cyangwa kwinjiza amafaranga wibereye iwawe.
• Ubutumwa bw’ikinyoma bukumenyesha virusi ugomba kwirinda.
• Ubutumwa bw’ikinyoma bukubwira igikorwa cyo gutanga ubufasha.
• Email z’uruhererekane zigushishikariza kuzoherereza abantu benshi (akenshi ngo zirakuzanira ‘umugisha’).

Ni gute abohereza email zidakenewe babona aderesi ya email yawe

• Bakoresha porogaramu za mudasobwa zizikurura.
• Gushuka abantu ngo binjize email zabo ku mbuga z’uburiganya.
• Bagaba ibitero ku mbuga zemewe bagakurayo amakuru y’abazikoresha.
• Kugura urutonde rwa email ku bandi bohereza email zidakenewe.
• Gusaba abantu gukanda ku mbuga z’uburiganya ziyitirira serivise zishinzwe gukuramo email zidakenewe.
• Kuva ku izina/aderese biri muri Bimenyeshejwe (cc), cyangwa mu gihimba cya email yoherejwe ivuye ahandi kandi abari bandikiwe batasibwe.

Kuba ubwabyo usubiza email zidakenewe bigaragariza abohereza email zidakenewe ko email yawe ibaho.

Ni gute namenye ko email ari idakenewe

Email zidakenewe zishobora kuba zifite ibimenyetso bikurikira bikuburira:

• Ntabwo uzi uwayohereje.
• Zirimo amakosa y’imyandikire (urugero ijambo ‘p0rn’ rivuga filime z’urukozasoni ugasanga aho kwandikamo ‘o’ y’inyuguzi, bashyizemo ‘0’ y’umubare) kugira ngo zibashe gutambuka akayunguruzo k’ubutumwa budakenewe.
• Zikubwira ibintu ukumva ni inzozi.
• Ahantu handikirwa umutwe w’ubutumwa n’ubutumwa ubwabwo ntibihura.
• Ziba zifite ikintu cyihutirwa zikubwira kandi ziguha n’itariki ntarengwa (urugero “Gura nonaha ukaturirwe kugeza kuri 50%”).
• Ziba zisaba ko email wakiriye uyoherereza abantu benshi, kandi ko ushobora kuboneramo amafaranga mu gihe waba ubikoze.
• Ziba zikuburira kuri virusi.
• Ziba zifite imigereka, ishobora kuba ifite dosiye zirimo .exe.

Ibyago bishoboka

• Zishobora kuba zirimo virusi na porogaramu y’intasi (spyware).
• Zishobora gukorerwamo uburiganya bukorerwa kuri internet, nka email z’uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu.
• Email udashaka zishobora kuba zifite amashusho ateye ikibazo.
• Kuzigenzurira no kuzisiba bitwara umwanya munini cyane.
• Zitwara umwanya mu butumwa wakira.

Email z’abatekamutwe​​​​​​​

Ubutekamutwe bukorwa muri rusange buciye muri email zidakenewe (ariko wibuke, email zose zidakenewe ntiziba ari iz’ubutekamutwe). Ubutekamutwe bukorerwa kugushukira gutanga amakuru azatuma bagutekaho umutwe cyangwa bakwiba umwirondoro wawe.

Ingero za email z’ubutekamutwe zirimo:​​​​​​​

• Email zitanga inyungu zijyanye n’imari, ibifatika n’amarangamutima, ariko ziba mu by’ukuri zifite aho zihurira n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’uburiganya.
• Ibi birimo email ziba zivuga ko ziturutse ku masoko ‘yizewe’ nka banki yawe, ibiro by’imisoro cyangwa ahandi hantu ufite konti yo kuri internet (cyangwa ntayo). Zigusaba gukanda kuri link noneho ukisanga watanze amakuru bwite.

Email z’uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu (phishing)​​​​​​​

Email z’uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu ni ubutekamutwe aho abagizi ba nabi bohereza email ku bantu ibihumbi. Izi email ziba zivuga ko ziturutse kuri banki, ikigo gikora amakarita yo kwishyura, amaduka acururiza kuri internet n’imbuga za cyamunara ndetse n’indi miryango yizewe. Akenshi bagerageza kugushuka ngo ujye ku rubuga, urugero kugira ngo uvugurure ijambo-banga mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko konti yawe bayihagarika. Iyo link ukandaho kuri email ikujyana ku rubuga rujya gusa n’urubuga nyarwo ariko mu by’ukuri ari urw’ikinyoma rugamije gushuka abantu ngo bandike amakuru yabo bwite.

• Email ubwayo ishobora kuba isa nk’iyaturutse ku isoko nyayo.  Rimwe na rimwe email z’ibinyoma zigaragaza bimwe mu bikurikira, ariko uko abakora uburiganya bagenda bunguka amayeri kandi bakoresha ikoranabuhanga, ushobora gusanga nta na kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso izo email zifite. Ushobora no gusanga zirimo izina na aderesi byawe. 
  • Aderesi ya email y’uwohereje ishobora kuba itandukanye n’izina ry’urubuga nyakuri rw’ikigo. 
  • Email ishobora kuba yoherejwe kuri aderesi itandukanye cyane cyangwa kuri aderese ya webmail y’ubuntu.
  • Email ishobora kudakoresha amazina yawe nyakuri, ariko ikaba ifite indamukanyo itagenewe umuntu runaka by’umwihariko nka “Mukiriya mwiza.”
  • Kugaragaza ko byihutirwa, urugero, bagukanga ngo nutagira icyo ukora ako kanya konti yawe ishobora gufungwa.
  • Link y’urubuga runaka ruzwi. Ibi bishobora guhimbwa cyangwa bigasa neza na aderese nyayo, ariko itandukaniro ry’inyuguti imwe gusa risobanuye ko urubuga rutandukanye.
  • Gusaba amakuru bwite nk’izina ukoresha winjira, ijambo-banga cyangwa amakuru kuri banki.
  • Nta email wari utegereje iturutse kuri icyo kigo bigaragara ko cyayohereje.
  • Email yose ishobora kuba imeze nk’ishusho aho kwandikwa mu magambo. Ishusho iba irimo link ikuganisha ku rubuga rwa baringa

Koresha email utekanye​​​​​​​

• Ntugafungure email ukeka ko ari iz’abatekamutwe.
• Ntukoherereze abandi email wakiriye ukeka ko ari iy’abatekamutwe.
• Ntugafungure imigereka yaturutse ahantu utazi.
• Niba ushidikanya, hamagara umuntu cyangwa ikigo email ivuga ko yaturutseho… kwirinda biruta guhangana n’ingaruka.
• Ntukihutire gukanda link  iri muri email yaturutse ahantu utazi. Ahubwo, nyuza suri (souris/mouse)  y’iyo link  urebe uwo yari igenewe by’ukuri, bigaragarira mu nguni yo hasi ibumoso bwa screen yawe. Witonde igihe usanze ibi bitandukanye n’ibyo ubona byanditse muri ya link ya email.
• Ntugasubize email zavuye ku bantu utazi.
• Ntukagure cyangwa ngo utange inkunga mu gikorwa cyo gufasha ku bintu uba wakiriye muri email zidakenewe.
• Ntugakande kuri ‘kuramo’ cyangwa ngo usubize email udashaka.
• Reba ahari email udashaka (junk folder) kenshi kugira ngo hatagira email y’ingenzi iyoberaho.
• Igihe ugiye koherereza email abantu benshi, shyira aderesi zabo  muri BCC  aho kuzandika muri “To”. Muri ubu buryo, abazakira ntibazabona amazina y’abandi, kandi igihe email zabo ziguye ku muntu utari we ibyago by’uko wowe cyangwa abandi mwakira email z’uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu cyangwa email zidakenewe biba biri hasi.
• Hamwe n’ibyo, siba email z’abantu bose bandikiwe mu ruhererekane rwa email, mbere y’uko woherereza abandi iyo email cyangwa mbere y’uko usubiza.
• Niba udashize amakenga email, urebe niba itari ku rutonde rwa email zidakenewe n’izabatekamutwe zizwi abacuruzi ba porogaramu z’umutekano kuri internet nka McAfee na Symantec baba barashyize ku mbuga zabo.
• Microsoft n’izindi email abantu bakoresha ziza zifite akayunguruzo ka email zidakenewe nka kimwe mu bizigize by’ingenzi.
• Ukore ku buryo iyawe iba icanye.
• Utuyunguruzo twinshi tw’ubutumwa budakenewe n’ubutumwa udashaka dushobora gushyirwamo kugira ngo ubashe kubona email ziturutse ku masoko yizewe kandi twime inzira email ziturutse ku masoko atizewe.
• Mu gihe ugiye guhitamo konti ya webmail nka gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo!
• Mail, kora ku buryo uhitamo imwe irimo akayunguruzo ka email zidakenewe kandi ko kaba gacanye buri gihe.
• Bimwe mu byo ugenerwa n’umutekano kuri internet  haba harimo ibyima inzira ubutumwa budakenewe. Ukore ku buryo iyawe iba ivuguruye kandi ko ako kantu kaba gacanye.