Backups

Amakuru ufite kuri mudasobwa ashobora kuba nta cyayasimbura. Kubika amakuru yawe mu bundi buryo  buri gihe bizatuma ugira kopi yayo irenze imwe.

Ibyago bishoboka

• Gusiba amakuru yawe utabishakaga.
• Ubujura.
• Inkongi, umwuzure, kwangirika gukomotse ku zindi mpanuka.
• Igitero gikomeye cya virusi cyangwa guterwa na spyware.
• Gusiba amakuru mu gihe cyo kujyanisha “operating system” n’igihe.

Amakuru yo muri mudasobwa yawe ashobora kuba inyandiko, amafoto, indirimbo, videwo n’aderesi z’abantu, ndetse na porogaramu zawe. Hard drives zigezweho za mudasobwa  zishobora kubika ingano nini y’amakuru,  bituma kuba watakaza ayo makuru bitewe n’ibibazo twavuze haruguru, byaba ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ingaruka y’ibi ishobora kuba mbi, igatesha umutwe, igatesha umuntu umwanya, kandi igatera gutakaza amafaranga menshi.

Sigasira umutekano w’amakuru yawe

Gukora backup bikorohereza kurinda amakuru yawe binyuze mu kuyabika ahandi hantu hatari muri mudasobwa yawe gusa.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukora backup y’amakuru yawe. Ubwo wahitamo bwose, urasabwa kwita kuri  ibi bikurikira:

• Itegure ko ushobora gutakaza amakuru yawe yose (urugero, kwibwa mudasobwa igendanwa ibitsemo amakuru yawe yose).
• Mu gihe ubika amakuru yawe ku kindi gikoresho, genzura ko kibitse ahandi hantu  mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko cyakwibirwa cyangwa kikangirikira hamwe na mudasobwa yawe.
• Niba bikunda, shyira mu gikoresho ubikaho amakuru yawe uburyo bwo kwinjira habanje gushyirwamo ijambo-banga  mu rwego rwo kurinda amakuru yawe.

Ku munsi wa mbere wimuye amakuru yawe, hakwiriye gukurikiraho gukora “full backup”. Backup zikorwa nyuma, zigenda zikorwa buhoro buhoro, aho amakuru yahinduwe cyangwa yongerewemo nyuma y’uko amakuru yimuwe mu buryo bwa rusange, ari yo yimurwa yonyine. Uburyo bwinshi bugezweho bwo kubika amakuru ahandi buhitamo uburyo butuma amakuru ahita yibika ubwayo.

Uburyo bwo kubika amakuru ahandi

Hari uburyo bubiri bw’ingenzi bwo kubikamo amakuru yawe. Mu guhitamo ubwo wakoresha, ugomba guhitamo ubworoshye gukoresha, umuvuduko bugenderaho, igiciro  ndetse n’ibikunogera mu buzima busanzwe.

Hard drives zigendanwa

Hard drive ni uburyo bwiza kandi bwihuta  bwo kubika amakuru yawe yose. Hari ubwoko butandukanye harimo  izo wacomeka  kuri mudasobwa yawe unyuze aho bacomeka flash disk, cyangwa izo wahuza na mudasobwa ukoresheje umuyoboro nziramugozi. Inyinshi muri zo zoroshye gutwara ku buryo zishobora kugendanwa cyangwa kubikwa ahandi.

These typically range from inexpensive 320 Gigabyte (320,000 Megabyte) models, to those providing up to 4 Terabytes (4,000 Gigabytes), the cost reflecting the capacity.. To give you an idea of the amount of storage they provide, one photo of reasonable quality taken on a digital camera or camera phone will typically be between 1 and 5 Megabytes. A music file in MP3 format will be between 3 and 8 Megabytes. So even on the 320 Gigabyte drive mentioned above, you could fit over 100,000 average-sized photos or 64,000 music tracks. 

Muri zo habonekamo izitandukanye kuva ku zihendutse zifite ububiko bwa gigabayiti 320 (megabayiti ibihumbi 320), kugeza ku bufite ububiko bwa terabayiti 4 (gigabayiti ibihumbi 4), igiciro kikaba kijyana n’ubushobozi bw’ingano y’amakuru yabikwaho. Kugira ngo ubashe kugira igitekerezo k’ingano y’amakuru ashobora kubikwaho, ifoto imwe ifite ubwiza buringaniye yafashwe na kamera isanzwe cyangwa iya telefoni iba ifite ingano iri hagati ya megabayiti 1 na 4.  Indirimbo imwe iri mu bwoko bwa MP3 ipima hagati ya megabayiti 3 ndetse na megabayiti 8. Urumva ko rero kuri hard drive ifite gigabayiti 320 yavuzwe haruguru, hashobora kubikwaho amafoto afite ingano iringaniye agera ku bihumbi 100 cyangwa indirimbo ibihumbi 64. Zimwe muri hard drives zigendanwa zifite uburyo bwo gukanda rimwe maze amakuru yawe agahita abikwa ugikanda kuri buto gusa, cyangwa bikikora mu gihe wagennye.

Ni ngombwa kugenzura niba amakuru washyize kuri drive yawe igendanwa ashobora kugarurwa mu gihe uyakeneye. Ushobora kugenzura ibi ukoresheje indi mudasobwa kugira ngo urebe niba asomeka, kandi ukaba wakongera ukayabona, igihe waba wibwe mudasobwa yari iriho ayo makuru.

Kubika amakuru kuri internet  (Kubika kuri cloud)

Uburyo bwo kubika amakuru kuri internet (bizwi nka ”cloud backup” mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza) burimo kugenda burushaho gukundwa kubera ubwiza bwabwo, umutekano no guhenduka.

Ushobora kubika amakuru yawe kuva mu nyandiko imwe cyangwa ebyiri cyangwa amafoto kugera ku makuru yose ufite muri mudasobwa yawe, ukabibika kuri internet  kandi ari nta mupaka w’ingano y’ibyo utagomba kurenza  wahawe. Abacuruzi bamwe batanga ububiko bw’ingano runaka ku buntu, ariko muri rusange igiciro cy’ububiko kigenda kizamuka bitewe n’ingano y’amakuru.

Hari abantu benshi bacuruza ububiko bw’amakuru kuri internet. Aba barimo abacuruza serivisi za internet (ISPs), abacuruzi ba porogaramu zitanga umutekano wa internet ndetse n’ibigo nka Apple hamwe na iCloud, kugeza ku nzobere zitandukanye.

Cloud irarushaho kugenda ikoreshwa atari mu gukora backup gusa, ahubwo no kuyikoresha nk’uburyo bw’ibanze bwo kubika amakuru. Ubu buryo butuma ushobora kubona amakuru yawe igihe cyose ubishakiye  kuri mudasobwa iyo ari yo yose, cyangwa ukoresheje telefoni igezweho aho ari ho hose ku isi bitagusabye kugendana amakuru yawe, tutirengagije ibibazo by’umutekano wayo. Gukoresha cloud mu kubika amakuru nk’uburyo bw’ibanze bifasha kandi gucunga umutekano w’amakuru yawe kuko abatanga izo serivisi bakubikira amakuru ariko bakanongera bakayakubikira ahandi hantu (backup).

Ibi bikemura ibyago  bijyanye no kubika amakuru yawe  muri mudasobwa yawe.

Urugero rwo kubika amakuru kuri internet warusanga hano.

Izindi nama

Ntukifashishe flash disk, CD cyangwa DVD mu kubika  amakuru yawe. Nubwo utu dukoresho dusa nk’aho duhendutse kandi twizewe, dufite ingano runaka y’ibyo tutabasha kurenza kandi dushobora gutakara cyangwa kwibwa byoroshye. Ikindi kandi kohereza amakuru kuri CD cyangwa DVD bigenda gahoro.