Amagambo-banga ni uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane igihe umuntu arimo gukoresha imbuga, konti za imeli na mudasobwa yawe ubwayo (unyuze muri konti z’ukoresha). Gukoresha amagambo-banga akomeye ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano n’amakuru bwite. Ubwirinzi bwiza ku isi ntacyo bwaba bumaze niba virusi cyangwa undi muntu utabifitiye uburenganzira yaba abonye izina ry’ukoresha ndetse n’ijambo-banga nyabyo.
Amagambo-banga akunze gukoreshwa ari kumwe n’izina ukoresha. Gusa, ku mbuga zifite umutekano ashobora no gukoreshwa ari kumwe n’ubundi buryo bwo kwerekana ibiranga umuntu nka PIN cyangwa se amakuru ashobora gufatwa mu mutwe. Rimwe na rimwe, imbuga zo kuri internet zisaba ko hinjizwa gusa ibigize ijambo-banga runaka kugira ngo habeho ubundi bwirinzi.
Ibyago byo gukoresha amagambo-banga adakomeye
- Abantu bakwiyitirira mu rwego rwo kukwiba ndetse n’ibindi byaha, birimo:
- Kwinjira muri konti yawe ya banki
- Kugura ibintu kuri internet ukoresheje amafaranga yawe
- Kukwiyitirira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no ku mbuga zo kurambagirizaho
- Kohereza email mu izina ryawe
- Kwinjira mu makuru yawe y’ibanga ufite muri mudasobwa yawe
Guhitamo amagambo-banga meza
Kora ibi:
- Koresha buri gihe ijambo-banga.
- Mu guhanga ijambo-banga, hitamo amagambo atatu ushatse. Imibare, ibimenyetso no kuvanga inyuguti nkuru n’into bishobora gukoreshwa igihe wumva ukeneye gukora ijambo-banga rikomeye, cyangwa mu gihe konti urimo gukorera ijambo-banga isaba ibindi bintu bitari inyuguti gusa.
- Hari ubundi buryo, budafite amabwiriza akomeye kandi yihuse, ariko mbere yo kubukoresha ukwiye kugenzura ibi bikurikira:
- Hitamo ijambobanga rifite nibura inyuguti umunani (zirenzeho niba bigukundiye, bipfa kuba gusa bigora ibisambo gukeka cyangwa kuvumbura ayo magambobanga), kuvanga inyuguti nkuru n’intoya, imibare ndetse n’ibimenyetso byo kuri mwandikishi nka @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ +. (urugero \[imeli irarinzwe] – imihindagurikire y’umuntu-gitagangurirwa, hamwe n’inyuguti, imibare, inyuguti nkuru n’intoya). Nyamara, menya ko tumwe muri utu turango dushobora kugorana kuzinjiza ukoresheje mwandikishi utamenyereye. Ibuka kandi ko guhindura inyuguti ukazigira imibare (urugero E ukayigira 3 na i ukayigira 1) ari uburyo buzwi cyane n’abanyabyaha.
- Umurongo umwe mu ndirimbo abandi bantu badashobora gusanisha nawe.
- Irindi zina rya mama wa mugenzi wawe (atari irya mama wawe bwite).
- Hitamo interuro usanzwe uzi, urugero ”Akabura ntikaboneke, ni nyina w’umuntu” hanyuma ugende ufata inyuguti itangira buri jambo, uzahita ubona “An,nnw’u”
Ntuzigere:
- Ukoresha ibi bikurikira nk’amagambo-banga:
- Amazina y’ukoresha, amazina asanzwe cyangwa ay’ikigo.
- Amazina y’abagize umuryango cyangwa ay’amatungo mufite mu rugo.
- Amatariki y’amavuko yawe cyangwa ay’umuryango wawe.
- Ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ukunda cyangwa ikipe ya Formula 1 cyangwa se andi magambo yoroshye kuvumbura ku muntu ugufiteho amakuru make.
- Ijambo ‘ijambo-banga’.
- Ibice by’imibare.
- Ahantu hamwe hazwi mu ijambo ryakuwe mu nkoranyamagambo, hashobora kugerwa na porogaramu zikoreshwa mu kwiba amakuru .
- Iyo urimo guhitamo imibare-banga cyangwa ikizwi nka PIN, ntugakoreshe imibare ikurikirana (urugero 4321 cyangwa 12345), imibare yisubiramo (nka 1111) cyangwa indi mibare yo kuri mwandikishi yoroshye kuvumbura (nka 14789 cyangwa 2580).
Kubungabunga amagambo-banga yawe
- Ntukagire umuntu n’umwe ubwira amagambo-banga yawe.
- Ntukinjize ijambobanga ryawe mu gihe ubona ko hari abandi bashobora kuribona urimo kuryandika.Niba ukeka ko hari undi muntu uzi ijambo-banga ryawe, ihutire kurihindura.
- Guhora uhindura amagambo-banga si byiza, keretse mu gihe ukeka ko konti akoreshwaho yinjiriwe, icyo gihe byo uba ugomba guhita uyahindura. Ibi bikorwa kandi no mu gihe indi konti cyangwa urubuga ukoresha amakuru amwe winjira yibwe.
- Koresha ijambobanga ritandukanye kuri buri rubuga. Niba ufite ijambo-banga rimwe, umujura ashobora kurivumbura ku buryo bworoshye agahita agera ku makuru yawe yose.
- Ntukavugurure amagambo-banga (urugero ijambobanga2, ijambobanga3).
- Niba ugomba kwandika ahantu amagambo-banga mu rwego rwo kugira ngo uzayibuke, yabike ubanje kuyahisha muri kode (encryption) mu buryo usanzwe ukoresha ariko ku buryo abandi batabasha gusobanukirwa.
- Ubundi buryo bwo kwandika ahantu amagambo-banga ni ubwo gukoresha ububiko bw’ijambo-banga bwo kuri internet cyangwa umutamenwa. Gisha inama, kandi ugenzure ko uburyo uhisemo bufite umutekano kandi bwizewe.
- Ntukohereze ijambobanga ryawe ukoresheje imeli. Nta kigo kizewe kizagusaba ibi.
Kuba usabwa gukoresha amagambo-banga atandukanye kuri buri konti yawe bishobora kukugora kuyibuka. Hitamo gukoresha bumwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga ribika amakuru bwo kuri internet, ariko ubanze usome ibyo abandi babuvugaho kandi ugishe n’inama.
Ikoranabuhanga ribika amagambo-banga/Umutamenwa
Hari ubwoko bwinshi ushobora gukoresha bw’ikoranabuhanga ribika amagambo-banga buzwi ku izina rya “password safe” mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza bivuga umutamenwa ubikwamo amagambo-banga, cyangwa se bagakoresha irindi zina. Bumwe burishyuza, ubundi bugatangirwa ubuntu. Ubu buryo bugufasha kubika amagambo-banga yawe ahantu hamwe, horoshye kugera ku buryo biba bitagusaba kuyibuka yose, cyangwa kuyandika ahantu. Uba gusa usabwa kwibuka igice kimwe cy’amakuru ukoresha winjira.
Ukwiye gusoma ibitekerezo by’abandi cyangwa ukagisha inama mbere yo kubika amagambo-banga yawe mu ikoranabuhanga ribika amagambo-banga. Uburyo bwose wahitamo, inama yacu ni uko igomba kuba ifite uburyo bubiri bwo kwemeza amakuru (2FA) – mu yandi magambo, bwohereza kode kuri nimero ya telefoni yatanzwe cyangwa ikindi gikoresho, kode isabwa kugira ngo ubashe kwinjira, mbese nk’iyo urimo kwemeza ko amafaranga ava kuri konti yawe yo muri banki.
Mu rwego rwo kongera umutekano, tugira abantu inama yo gukoresha uburyo bwo guhisha hifashishijwe kode (encryption) mbere yo kwinjiza amagambo-banga mu ikoranabuhanga riyabika, n’ubwo twabonye ko ku muntu urikoresha bigereranyije, ibi bidakunda buri gihe.
Kugenzura amazina y’ukoresha
Umuntu wese ukoresha mudasobwa aba akwiye kugira konti akoresha yihariye kugira ngo abe ari we wenyine uzajya ubasha kugera ku makuru ye na za porogaramu ze.
Buri konti y’ukoresha iba igomba kwinjirwamo ari uko gusa hakoreshejwe izina ry’ukoresha n’ijambo-banga mu rwego rwo kubungabunga amakuru bwite y’umuntu. Ibindi bintu biranga konti y’ukoresha bishobora gushyirwaho muri za konti z’ukoresha harimo n’ikoranabuhanga rifasha ababyeyi kugenzura amakuru abana babona (Windows Vista, na Windows 7 gusa).
Ntugakoreshe konti yagenewe gukoreshwa na admin buri munsi, kuko porogaramu yangiza ishobora kwinjirira uburenganzira bwa admin.
N’iyo yaba ari wowe uyikoresha wenyine, shyiraho konti ya admin yo gukoresha mu gihe urimo nko gushyiramo porogaramu cyangwa uhindura imikorere y’imiterere y’igikoresho ukoresha, na konti y’ukoresha usanzwe’ (standard user) nka konti yawe isanzwe. Niba utinjiye nka admin, uzasabwa kwinjiza ijambo-banga rya admin igihe uzaba ugiye gushyiramo musomyi nshya cyangwa porogaramu nshya. Ushobora kugenzura konti z’ukoresha unyuze ahantu habugenewe muri Windows.
Higa ijambo-banga ku rubuga rwa Get Safe Online kuri Vimeo.