Ubushukanyi bugamije kwiba amakuru kuri internet

Ubushukanyi bugamije kwiba amakuru kuri internet ni inzira yerekeza mu bwoko bwinshi bw’ibyaha harimo uburiganya no kwibwa umwirondoro. Ni igikorwa cyo gushukana cyangwa kubeshya umuntu harimo no gushyira hanze amakuru y’umuntu bwite n’ay’umutungo  uburyo bwo kuryarya. Byuririra ku miterere y’umuntu nk’ubwoba bwo kutakaza, kurinda, gukenera gufasha, cyangwa gutegeka abandi.

Birasa nk’aho nta mupaka uhari w’inzira abatekamutwe banyuramo mu rwego rwo kugera ku migambi yabo. Ubushukanyi  bugamije kwiba amakuru  bukoze ku buryo bukwemeza hifashishijwe inzira zisanzwe ari iz’ukuri nka banki yawe, polisi cyangwa urwego rwa Leta cyangwa kugira ngo bakwemeze kurushaho bagakoresha amakuru yawe asanzwe cyangwa ubucuruzi bwawe babonye mu buryo bw’uburiganya.

Ingero z’ubushukanyi  bugamije kwiba amakuru

• Gusubiza email z’abatekamutwe zikubwira ko ari iy’ikigo cyawe muri banki cyangwa abaguhaye ikarita yo kwishyuriraho, ikigo cya Leta, ubunyamuryango bw’ikigo cyangwa urubuga waguriyeho, bikwerekeza mu gukurikira link ituma utanga amakuru yawe y’ibanga cyane cyane ijambo-banga, PIN cyangwa andi makuru. Ibi bizwi nka “phishing”
• Guha amakuru umujura wo kuri internet wahamagaye ikigo cyawe yiyitiriye banki yawe, uguha ikarita yo kwishyuraho cyangwa polisi maze agahimba ikibazo. Bagusaba kwemeza amakuru y’ibanga mu buryo bwo gukemura ikibazo. Ibi bizwi nka “vishing”  Bashobora kongeraho kukoherereza ubutumwa bwo gufata ikarita zo kwishyuraho cyangwa andi makuru, bizwi nka “courier fraud”.
• Guhamagarwa n’umuntu akubwira ko ari umuntu wemewe ugiye kuguha ubufasha kuri internet yawe cyangwa porogaramu yo muri mudasobwa kandi ukubwira ko ufite ikibazo cya tekiniki. Bisa nk’aho ari umwimerere, wowe cyangwa mugenzi wawe mugatanga amakuru yo kwinjiriraho, bikaba byatuma ukorerwa uburinganya cyangwa kwibwa umwirondoro. Icyo gihe bahita bahabwa  uburyo bwo kwinjira muri mudasobwa yawe cyangwa umuyoboro wawe bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ry’iya kure, bikaba byatuma wanduzwa porogaramu yangiza. Abantu bakubwira ko baje ‘kuguha ubufasha bw’itumanaho n’ikoranabuhanga’ mu kigo cyawe bashobora kukubaza cyangwa kubaza bagenzi bawe amagambo-banga kugira ngo binjire mu ikoranabuhanga n’amakuru by’ikigo.
• Gufata no gucomeka muri mudasobwa imigozi ya USB, ikarita zibikwaho amakuru, CD-ROM/DVD-ROM cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bibikwaho amakuru byasizwe aho nkana kandi biriho porogaramu yangiza. Ibi bizwi nka baiting.
• Guha abajura uburyo bwo gukora kuri mudasobwa, seriveri cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byawe bigendanwa, ukabikora utabigambiriye cyangwa by’impanuka.

Kwirinda ibitero by’ubushukanyi bugamije kwiba amakuru

• Ntukagaragaze na rimwe amakuru y’ibanga cyangwa ay’umutungo w’ikigo cyangwa ay’umukiriya harimo izina rikoreshwa (username), amagambo-banga, PIN  cyangwa nimero z’indangamuntu.
• Shishoza urebe niba abantu cyangwa ibigo uha amakuru y’ikarita yo kwishyuraho yawe ari umwimerere, kandi ntukigere ugira uwo ubwira amagambo-banga. Ibuka ko banki cyangwa ikindi kigo kizwi bitazigera na rimwe bigusaba ijambo-banga bakoresheje email cyangwa kuguhamagara kuri telefoni.
• Niba uhamagawe usabwa amakuru y’ibanga, genzura niba ari abanyakuri ubasaba kukubwira izina ry’umuntu ryose ry’umuntu uguhamagaye n’uko ryandikwa neza na nimero ye ya telefoni.
• Niba usabwe n’uwo waguhamagaye gukupa telefoni no guhamagara banki yawe cyangwa uwaguhaye ikarita, hamagara nimero ya banki iri mu masezerano mwagiranye cyangwa iri ku yindi nyandiko ya banki cyangwa iri inyuma ku ikarita yawe ariko ntuzahamagare iyo wahawe n’uwo uguhamagaye cyangwa nimero wahamagajwe.
• Ntugafungure na rimwe ubutumwa bw’umugereka kuri email buvuye ahantu hatazwi.
• Ntugakande na rimwe kuri link zikuganisha ku rundi rubuga ziba ziri muri email ivuye ahantu hatazwi. Ahubwo nyuza suri (souris/mouse) kuri iyo link kugira ngo utahure aho ubwo utumwa bwoherejwe, bigaragara hasi mu ruhande rw’ibumoso rwa screen yawe. Gira amakenga niba ibi bitandukanye n’ibyagaragajwe mu nyandiko iri muri link wahawe muri email.
• Ntugacomeke igikoresho kivuye hanze ya mudasobwa zawe cyangwa ngo winjizemo ibikoresho nka za CD-ROM/DVD-ROM, niba aho zivuye hatizewe.