Porogaramu yangiza ifunga mudasobwa ikagusaba amafaranga kugira ngo yongere gufunguka ni ubwoko bwa porogaramu yangiza iha ibisambo ubushobozi bwo gufunga mudasobwa batayiri hafi hanyuma bakagaragaza idirishya ririho ubutumwa bumenyesha nyirayo ko itazongera gufunguka ataratanga amafaranga. Ingero za hafi aha zizwi ni nka CryptoLocker, Cryptowall na WannaCry (n’izindi zisa n’izo mu yandi mazina ).
Rimwe na rimwe, igice cyonyine cya mudasobwa kiba gishobora gukoreshwa ni icyo kuri keyboard kiriho imibare kigufasha kwinjizamo PIN ituma ubasha kwishyura ibyo bisambo. Ikindi gitangaje ni uko kuri screen ya mudasobwa ifunze hagaragara ubutumwa bugushinja ko wakoze igikorwa kitemewe n’amategeko cyangwa ifoto y’urukozasoni, ibi bikaba bituma bamwe mu bo byabayeho bagorwa no kwaka ubufasha, ahubwo bagahitamo kwishyura amafaranga basabwe.
Mudasobwa yawe ishobora kwinjirwamo na porogaramu yangiza ifunga mudasobwa ikagusaba amafaranga kugira ngo yongere gufunguka nka CryptoLocker cyangwa WannaCry ku buryo utagambiriye:
- Ufunguye porogaramu yangiza yaje mu mugereka wa email.
- Ukanze kuri aderesi ikuganisha kuri porogaramu yangiza yazanye na email, ubutumwa bukomeza buza, imbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa izindi mbuga.
- Usuye urubuga rwinjiriwe.
- Ufunguye amakuru yinjiriwe avuye mu bigo bitanga amakuru hakoreshejwe internet (urugero Hightail yahoze yitwa YouSendIt, na Dropbox).
- Ufunguye ibintu bipfuye muri porogaramu bandikiramo (kwandika amagambo, kwandika imibare n’izindi).
- Ucometse ibikoresho bya USB byangiritse (urugero: furashi disk, hard drisk, ibikina indirimbo ziri muri MP3).
- Winjije za CD/DVD zinjiriwe muri mudasobwa yawe.
Ibyago bishoboka
- Kutigera ubasha gufungura inyandiko cyangwa kugira igikorwa ukora kuri mudasobwa yanduye.
- Kugera na n’ubu ntiwemerewe kwinjira mu nyandiko cyangwa kugira igikorwa ukora, kabone n’iyo waba wishyuye ikiru.
Kwirinda porogaramu yangiza ifunga mudasobwa ikagusaba amafaranga kugira ngo yongere gufunguka
- Ntugasubize cyangwa ngo ukande kuri link ikuganisha ku zindi mbuga yazanye na email zidakenewe cyangwa zitasabwe ziturutse mu bigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo utazi.
- Sura gusa imbuga uzi ko zikora neza.
- Vugurura buri gihe porogaramu zawe zo muri mudasobwa no muri telefone harimo na porogaramu ngengamikorere vuba hashoboka.
- Genzura niba ufite porogaramu ikumira virusi nzitirantasi n’urukuta rukumira (firewall) zikora mbere yuko ujya kuri internet.
- Gukora kopi y’ingoboka kenshi, byikora, ibyiza ari kuri internet ahantu hujuje ibikenewe ku birebana n’umutekano w’ikigo kandi bitume gukora kopi y’ingoboka y’amakuru byihuta, kandi byoroha.
Niba ufite porogaramu yangiza ifunga mudasobwa ikagusaba amafaranga kugira ngo yongere gufunguka
- Kugira ngo umenye unabashe kwirukana oorogaramu yangiza ifunga mudasobwa ikagusaba amafaranga kugira ngo yongere gufunguka n’izindi porogaramu zangiza muri mudasobwa yawe, kora igenzura rusange rya mudasobwa yawe, ukoresheje porogaramu z’ubwirinzi zigezweho.
- Niba mudasobwa yawe yarafunzwe na porogaramu yangiza ifunga mudasobwa ikagusaba amafaranga kugira ngo yongere gufunguka, shaka umuntu ubisobanukiwe uturuka ahantu hizewe akugire inama.