Mudasobwa za Apple Mac

Mudasobwa za Apple Mac ntizipfa kwinjirwamo n’ibyonnyi cyane nk’iza Windows. Abantu benshi, mu by’ukuri, bazi ko mudasobwa za Mac zitajya zinjirwamo na virusi cyangwa izindi porogaramu zonona , ariko ntabwo ibi ari ko bimeze mu by’ukuri. Uko umubare w’ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo barushaho gukoresha mudasobwa za Mac, ni nako ibikorwa bigamije kuzirwanya birushaho nabyo kwiyongera.

Ibindi bintu byinshi kuri uru rubuga birasanzwe kuri mudasobwa za Mac kandi nabyo ni ngomwa kubisoma niba ushaka gukomeza kubungabunga umutekano wa  Mac yawe.

Iyi nkuru iravuga kuri Mac OS X ariko ntivuga ku zindi zayibanjirije. Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kubungabunga umutekano, turagira abantu inama yo gukoresha verisiyo yayo iheruka.

Ibyago bishoboka

• Virusi, skypare n’izindi  porogaramu zangiza.
• Ibitero bya ba rushimusi bagambiriye kwiba amakuru bwite cyangwa ajyanye n’umutungo.
• Kubura mudasobwa bitewe no kwibwa, uburangare, impanuka y’umuriro/umwuzure ndetse n’ibindi biza.

Umutekano wa Mac yawe​​​​​​​

Hora  uvugurura porogramu yawe​​​​​​​

Koresha amavugurura y’umutekano n’amavugurura ya sisitemu akijya ahagaragara. Wibuke kandi ko Mac ishobora kwanduza virusi izindi mudasobwa kabone n’iyo yo yaba ntacyo iyo virusi iyitwara.

• Reba amavugurura yo kujyanisha n’igihe unyuze muri “System Preferences”  maze uhitemo “Software Update”, hanyuma ukande ahanditse “Check Now”.
• Genzura niba ahanditse “Check for Updates” wahemeje, ndetse niba no mu rutonde baguhaye watoranyije ahanditse “Daily”. Ibi bizatuma wizera ko mudasobwa yawe yijyanisha n’igihe  buri munsi. Bizagusaba kwinjizamo ijambo-banga rya Administrator wanditse kuri mudasobwa yawe  kugira ngo ibyo ukoze byemezwe .
• Kugira ngo urebe amavugurura ahari ari wowe ubyikoreye, jya muri “Apple menu”  (akaranga gato ka “Apple” kari mu nguni yo hejuru ibumoso) hanyuma uhitemo ahanditse “Software Update”. Iri genzura rigomba gukorwa ku buryo buhoraho.
• Ikoranabuhanga ryaguzwe binyuze mu bubiko bwa Apple naryo rizakenera guhuzwa n’igihe.
• Reba kandi kenshi ku mbuga z’abakoze izindi porogaramu zitakozwe na Mac,  kugira ngo ushobore kujyanisha porogaramu zabo n’igihe. Updates za Microsoft ushobora kuzikura kuri  www.microsoft.com/mac/downloads

Fungura firewall

• Fungura porogaramu ya “System Preferences” ukande ahanditse “Security”; kandi ahanditse “Firewall” maze ukande ahanditse “Start”.

Porogaramu irinda umutekano wa internet ​​​​​​​

• Genzura buri gihe ko ufite porogaramu ikwiriye irinda umutekano wa internet  , umenye niba ifunguye kandi iri gukora. Abenshi mu bacuruza porogaramu ifasha kurinda umutekano wa internet bagurisha iryo koranabuhanga icya rimwe ku matsinda ndetse no ku muntu ku giti cye, kandi batanga n’iryagenewe mudasobwa za Mac by’umwihariko. Hari kandi na porogaramu zirinda umutekano wa internet  zitangirwa ubuntu.

Backups

Amakuru ufite kuri Mac yawe ashobora kuba adasimburwa. Gukora “backup” y’amakuru ufite muri mudasobwa kenshi bituma wizera ko ufite kopi y’amakuru irenze imwe.

iCloud ni bwo bubiko  bwizeye bwa Apple bwo kubona amakuru kuri internet. Ushobora kubikaho, amafoto, videwo n’inyandiko kandi ubu buryo butuma ushobora kubona amakuru yawe ku bindi bikoresho byawe byose bya Apple nka mudasobwa za  Mac, iPhones na iPads. iCloud ni uburyo bwiza ku bantu badakenera kubika ibintu byinshi, butanga ububiko bungana na 5GB ku buntu. Ububiko burenze kuri ubu bwishyurwa ku mwaka bitewe n’ingano y’amakuru yabitsweho. iCloud ibika amakuru mu byiciro, mu gihe kubika amakuru ya mbere bishobora gutwara igihe  kirekire, inshuro zikurikiraho zirihuta cyane kuko impinduka zakozwe nyuma y’igihe amakuru aherutse kubikirwa, ni zo zibikwa zonyine.

Bitewe n’ikiguzi cyo gukora backup kuri iCloud, cyangwa ukaba ufite internet igenda gake cyangwa nta nayo,  ushobora kwifuza guhitamo kuyabika hafi yawe, nko kuri “hard disk”  yakozwe na Apple cyangwa izindi nganda. Macs ifite uburyo ikoresha bwubakanye nayo bwitwa “Time Machine”, bukora  “backup” za hato na hato z’inyandiko, bukaba bufite ubushobozi bwo kuzigarura nyuma y’igihe runaka. Bigufasha kuba wagarura sisitemu yawe yose (ubaye ushaka kubikora wacana Mac yawe hanyuma ukande kuri Command (⌘) no kuri buto ya R mu gihe “screen”  ihindutse ikigina cyangwa se uyicane unyuze ahanditse OS X Install DVD), dosiye nyinshi cyangwa se imwe.

Izindi nama ​​​​​​​

• Koresha amagambo-banga agoye gufindura kandi uyavugurure kenshi. Iyo unyuze muri OSX 10.9 (Mavericks), amagambo-banga ya Keychain yubakanwe na mudasobwa ashobora kumenya igihe uri kwinjira cyangwa kwiyandikisha ukoresheje Safari. Uhita rero uhabwa ijambo-banga ryo kwinjiriraho rigoye gufindura ushobora gukoresha no kubika muri “keychain yawe. Ubu buryo busobanuye neza ku mbuga zitandukanye, urugero:www.imore.com/how-generate-password-icloud-keychain-and-os-x-mavericks
• Mac OS X ihagarika “root user” ku ikubitiro. Ntigomba kuzongera  gukoreshwa.
• Ukeneye ubundi buryo bw’ubwirinzi, jya muri porogaramu ya “System Preferences”, hitamo “Security” maze wemeze uburyo bwose baguha buherereye ku gice cyo hagati ugana hasi kuri screen yawe: Saba ko hajya hakoreshwa ijambo-banga mu gukangura iyi mudasobwa; hagarika uburyo butanga uburenganzira bwo kwinjira hadashyizwemo ijambo-banga, saba ko hagomba gukoreshwa ijambo-banga mu gufungura buri mahitamo y’ubwirizi, shyiramo uburyo bwo kwifunga mu gihe imaze iminota 10 idakoreshwa; kandi ukoreshe ububiko bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ubwinshi muri ubu buryo bufitanye isano no kubuza abantu batabyemerewe kwinjira muri mudasobwa.
• Koresha uburyo bwo gushyira inyandiko zawe mu buryo butabasha gusomwa na buri wese,  mu gihe mudasobwa yawe yaba yibwe, by’umwihariko niba ukoresha MacBook, MacBook Pro cyangwa MacBook Air. Bizatuma nta muntu ushobora gusoma inyandiko  zawe. Kugira ngo ubashe kubikora, jya muri porogaramu ya “System Preferences”, hitamo “Security” hanyuma ufungure “FileVault”. Gusa uzirikane ko  kwemeza “FileVault” bigira ingaruka ku buryo “Time Machine” ibika inyandiko zawe.
• Jya ahanditse “Secure Empty Trash” hari muri menu ya “Finder” kugira ngo ushwanyaguze burundu inyandiko zasibwe, hato hatazagira abazisoma.
• Niba ukoresha uburyo bwo kubika amakuru mu ikoranabuhanga nka  Boot Camp, Parallels cyangwa VirtualBox mu sisitemu yaWindows, ugomba kugenzura niba ifite umutekano mbese nk’aho waba uri gukoresha  mudasobwa igendanwa isanzwe.
• Niba Mac ikoreshwa n’abantu batandukanye, shyiraho konti ya buri muntu n’ijambo ry’ibanga yinjiriraho kugira ngo amakuru ya buri wese abikwe ku buryo butandukanye ndetse unirinde ko buri muntu wese yagira ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere y’umutekano wa mudasobwa. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, jya muri porogaramu ya “System Preferences”, uhitemo “Accounts”. Kurikiza amabwiriza ajyanye no kongeraho konti nshya zizakoreshwa n’abandi no gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rifasha ababyeyi kugenzura amakuru abana babona ndetse n’indi mipaka.
• Shyiraho konti imwe igenga izindi zose. Si ngombwa ko winjira muri iyi konti buri gihe, ariko ugomba guhora wibuka izina ryayo ndetse n’umubare w’ibanga wayo. Ahanditse “Allow user to administer this computer” mu zindi konti hagomba kuba hatatoranyijwe.
• Rema “hot corner” igufasha gukangura “screen” yawe (upfa kuba warashyizemo uburyo butuma ushaka kubikora asabwa ijambo ry’ibanga). Fungura “System Preferences”  hanyuma ukande ahanditse “Desktop & Screen Saver”. Hasi iburyo hari ahantu handitse ‘Hot Corners”. Hitamo “hot corner” ushaka, maze  ukande ahanditse “Start Screen Saver” mu rutonde uhabwa. Ubu noneho ushobora gufungura screen saver binyuze mu kwerekeza “mouse” yawe mu nguni wahisemo ya screen.