Uru rukuta rutanga inama kuri bimwe mu bikorwa bifite akamaro kanini by’umwihariko mu bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kurinda mudasobwa zikoresha sisitemu za Linux.
Ibikoresho byinshi bigezweho bya Linux bizana n’iby’ibanze mu bijyanye n’umutekano (kuvugurura porogaramu/serivisi byikora, kubika ibikorwa wakoze kuri modasobwa, kugena uwinjira n’utinjira, ibijyanye n’igikuta cy’umutekano wa mudasobwa), rimwe na rimwe biza byarashyizwemo mu gihe cyo gukora Linux. Abantu bakoresha mudasobwa zikoresha Linux bagomba kuba bafite ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu bijyanye na sisitemu y’imikorere yayo, kandi bagahabwa inama zisumbuyeho bibaye ngombwa (nk’ibyo bakura ku rubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Linux rwemewe, amahuriro yemewe ya Linux yo kuri internetcyangwa email bajya bakira zivuye kuri linux zijyanye n’umutekano ku gikoresho cy’umwihariko cya Linux kiri gukoreshwa).
Ibyago bishoboka
Ibyago byavuka bijyanye n’imyitwarire
- Ibyago byinshi byavuka birimo uburiganya, uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu, ubutumwa budakenewe no kwiba umwirondoro biba ku bakoresha Linux kimwe n’uko biba kubakoresha izindi sisitemu z’imikorere.
- Guhitamo nabi k’umuntu uyikoresha, nko guhitamo ijambo-banga ryoroshye cyangwa kutarikoresha, kutabasha kumenya abinjiye no kudashyiramo sisitemu ya Linux neza.
Ingorane mu by’ikoranabuhanga
- Ingorane kuri mudasobwa za Linux zishobora kwiyongera bitewe n’uko umuntu akoresha serivisi zidakenewe kandi ugasanga asize ibyambu birangaye (vulnerable network ports) umwanzi yakwinjiriramo.
- Kunanirwa kongera ubushobozi bwa porogaramu za Linux na serivisi zayo bwatuma ikora neza cyane cyane igihe hatangajwe aho ifite icyuho.
- Gukoresha serivisi zisanzwe n’ubundi zidatekanye, nko gukoresha sisitemu zakorewe gukoresha impuzamiyoboro mu gace kamwe (LAN).
Ibyago byavuka mu mikoreshereze
- Abantu bakoresha amayeri batwara amakuru, abiba amakuru.
- Ubutumwa budakenewe, porogaramu zangiza n’izitanga uburyo bwo kwinjira muri mudasobwa utabiherewe uburenganzira za Trojan, botnet, umuryango wo mu gikari (back doors), virusi, na rootkit.
- Ibitero bituma utabasha kubona serivisi.
- Kongera ibyo wemerewe gukoresha mu buryo butemewe.
Kurinda amakuru yawe n’ibikoresho byawe
Gutangira
1. Shaka porogaramu ya sisitemu y’imikorere ya Linux – operating system (harimo porogarmu y’ibanze n’iyo kuyongerera ubudahangarwa cyangwa ubushobozi) uzikuye ku masoko yizewe kandi akora neza, urugero nk’abacuruza CD na DVD bya Linux cyangwa urubuga rucuruza Linux byemewe n’amategeko.
2. Shyiramo sisitemu ya Linux muri mudasobwa zawe ku buryo ushyiramo ububiko bw’inyandiko butandukanye (urugero ukoresheje fdisk cyangwa ikindi bihuje imikorere) ugene ububiko butandukanye bw’izi dosiye: root partition, swap space, binary files naho kubika dosiye zabayikoresha.
3. Reba niba porogaramu ya sisitemu ya Linux ari umwimerere mbere y’uko uyishyiramo (urugero wemeze ko umukono koranabuhanga ari wo ndetse/cyangwa umubare nyakuri).
4. Irinde kwinjira nk’ufite uburenganzira nta bw’ikirenga (root). Ahubwo, winjirire muri konti isanzwe noneho ujye waka uburenganzira mu gihe ushatse gukora ibisaba ububasha bw’ikirenga.
5. Kuramo uburyo bwikoresha (cyangwa ibijya gusa nabyo) kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu byajya byikoresha utabisabye.
6. Shyiramo uburyo bwo kwifunga igihe abazikoresha bamaze umwanya runaka wagennye batari gukoresha ibikoresho byayo (urugero iminota 15).
7. Kora ku buryo ibigize Linux byajya bihora byivugurura (urugero ureba niba hari porogaramu n’ibyo komekaho byagufasha kuvugurura sisitemu y’imikorere).
Kugena imiterere ya serivisi n’abazikoresha
1. Zimya cyangwa uhagarike serivisi cyangwa porogaramu zitangirana na mudasobwa iyo yakijwe bidakenewe (harimo ibijyanye na burutusu, USB, umuyoboro w’inziramugozi na infraruje).
2. Irinde gukoresha porogaramu za admin zidafite umutekano nka rlogin, telnet, tftp, ftp, rsh na rexec, kandi igihe winjiriye hanze y’akazi koresha uburyo bufite umutekano, ndetse no gihe cyo kohererezanya dosiye, porogaramu z’uburinzi, nka sftp, scp na ssh.
3. Konti z’abayikoresha zidakenewe (urugero, umushyitsi) n’amatsinda, kandi ukore ku buryo abayikoresha bose basabwa kubanza kwivuga (urugero, bakoresheje ijambo-banga) mbere y’uko bemererwa gukoresha igikoresho cya Linux.
4. Koresha amagambo-banga akomeye ku bakoresha ibikoresho bya Linux byose (urugero, nibura amagambo umunani, uruhurirane rw’amagambo mu nyuguti nkuru, inyuguti nto, imibare, n’inyuguti zidasanzwe).
5. Ibikoresho bya Linux bisaba ibikorwa bitandukanye, byinshi muri byo bireba mudasobwa utitaye kuri porogaramu sisitemu z’imikorere zikoresha, zirimo Microsoft Windows na Apple Mac OS X (urugero, kurinda uruhererekane mu gutangira, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemera dosiye, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemerera abinjira, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuzigama amakuru no kugenzura dosiye cyangwa ibikorwa bidasobanutse).
6. Niba ukeneye izindi nama ku buryo bwo kurinda ibikoresho bya Linux (harimo inkuta z’umutekano wa mudasobwa, kwirinda virusi, guhisha disk na dosiye, kurinda email, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kujya kuri internet, na porogaramu yo kuzigama amakuru), wareba umuntu cyangwa umuryango bafite inararibonye muri Linux n’umutekano wayo bakakugira nama.