Amakuru ufite kuri mudasobwa ashobora kuba nta cyayasimbura. Iyo atakaye cyangwa yononekaye bitewe n’ubujura, n’ibikorwa by’abagizi ba nabi, igikoresho abitsemo cyononekaye cyangwa kubera ikibazo cya tekiniki, ikigo cyawe gihura n’ingorane zinyuranye zikomeye. Muri izo harimo guhagarara igihe gito kw’ikigo (mu gihe ari amakuru yerekeranye n’umukiriya cyangwa ugemura ibicuruzwa, dosiye za konti, porogaramu z’ubutumwa bwo kuri email na porogaramu zo mu gikoresho), gutakaza inyungu, gutakaza isura nziza, kutubahiriza amategeko agenga amakuru no kuregerwa uburangare imbere y’amategeko. Wowe na/cyangwa abandi bantu bo muri iki kigo mushobora kubiryozwa buri wese ukwe.
Gukora kopi y’amakuru nta makosa kandi kenshi bizafasha kurinda umutekano w’amakuru impanuka zavuzwe hejuru zayagwira.
Ibyago bishoboka
- Kwanga gukora kw’igikoresho cyangwa kononekara (urugero, kwanga gukora kwa ku bubiko bwa mudasobwa (hard drive) ni ikintu gikunze kubaho).
- Gusiba amakuru yawe utabishakaga.
- Isibwa cyangwa iyononekara rya dosiye mu gihe sisiteme irimo ikora kimwe no mu mavugurura ya porogaramu.
- Gutakaza cyangwa kwibwa mudasobwa, seriveri n’ibikoresho ngendanwa.
- Inkongi, umwuzure, indi mpanuka.
- Virusi ya kirimbuzi cyangwa kwandura spyware.
- Kuvana amakuru kuri internet utabifitiye uburenganzira cyangwa binyuze mu buryo bwihuje kuri mudasobwa.
Ububiko bwa mudasobwa (hard disk) zigezwehp zishobora kubika ingano nini y’amakuru, ibi bigatuma rero habaho ingaruka zo kuyatakaza bitewe n’ibibazo twavuze haruguru.
Gukora kopi ngoboka ku buryo bukwiye kandi amakuru yawe agakomeza kurindirwa umutekano
Hari uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bwo gukora kopi ngoboka y’amakuru yawe (reba hasi aha). Ubwo wahitamo bwose, urasabwa kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:
- Itegure ko ushobora gutakaza amakuru yawe yose (urugero, kudakora neza kwa seriveri cyangwa kwibwa mudasobwa igendanwa ibitsemo amakuru y’ingirakamaro, udashobora kongera kubona).
- Mu gihe urimo kubika amakuru yawe kuri “hard disk” (itari imbere muri mudasobwa), genzura ko wayabitse ahandi hantu mu rwego rwo kuyarinda kwibwa cyangwa kwangirikira hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho byawe cyangwa ibikoresho by’ibanze by’ikoranabuhanga.
- Niba bikunda, shyira mu gikoresho ubikaho amakuru yawe uburyo bwo kwinjira habanje gushyirwamo ijambo-banga mu rwego rwo kurinda amakuru yawe.
- Kwizera neza ko amakuru ukorera kopi ngoboka abantu babifitiye uburenganzira bayageraho igihe cyose.
Uburyo bwo kubika amakuru
Hari uburyo bubiri bw’ingenzi bwo gukora kopi ngoboka y’ amakuru yawe. Mu guhitamo ubwo wakoresha, ugomba kureba ububiko bufite ubushobozi bukenewe, ubworoshye gukoresha, ubwihuta, ubuhendutse ndetse n’ubwizewe.
Gukora kopi ngoboka kuri cloud
Uburyo bwo gukorera kopi ngoboka y’amakuru kuri internet (bizwi nka “could backup) burimo kugenda burushaho gukundwa kubera ubwiza bwabwo, umutekano no guhenduka.
Kuri internet nta gipimo cy’ingano y’amakuru ashobora gukorerwa kopi ngoboka bagarukiraho kuri cloud. Abacuruzi bamwe batanga ububiko ku buntu, ariko muri rusange igiciro cy’ububiko kigenda kizamuka bitewe n’ingano y’amakuru ahari.
Hari abantu benshi bacuruza ububiko bw’amakuru kuri internet. Muri abo harimo abacuruza serivisi za internet (ISPs), abacuruzi ba porogaramu zirinda umutekano wa internet ndetse n’ibigo nka Apple hamwe na iCloud na Microsoft ifite OneDrive, kugeza ku bacuruzi b’inzobere bakora kopi ngoboka zifite umutekano.
Kubika amakuru kuri internet biragenda birushaho gukoreshwa hatagamijwe gusa kubika amakuru ahandi hantu ahubwo no kubukoresha nk’uburyo bw’ibanze bwo kubika amakuru. Ubu buryo butuma ushobora kubona amakuru yawe ku gikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose ku isi bitagusabye kugendana amakuru yawe, tutirengagije ibibazo by’umutekano wayo. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika amakuru kuri internet nk’uburyo bw’ibanze bifasha kandi gucunga umutekano w’amakuru yawe bitewe n’uko ababucuruza bongera bakayabika. Ibi bikemura ibibazo bijyanye no kubika amakuru yawe ari muri mudasobwa yawe.
Hard disk zitari muri mudasobwa
Hard disk zitari muri mudasobwa zirihuta, kandi ni n’uburyo bwiza bwo kubika amakuru yawe. Hari uburyo buhari bwo kuba ushobora kuba wacomeka icyo gikoresho kuri mudasobwa yawe ukoresheje umugozi cyangwa umuyoboro nziramugozi wa internet. Ubwinshi muri ubwo buryo bushobora kubikwa byoroshye hadakoreshejwe internet.
Ubu buryo ubusanzwe bukubiye mu byiciro uhereye ku budahenze bwa Gigabayiti 320 (320.000 Megabayiti) bugura amadorari make, kugeza ku butanga Terabayiti 4 (Gigabayiti 4.000) ndetse n’ubufite ubushobozi bugeza kuri Terabayiti 8. Igiciro cy’ibyo bikoresho gishyirwaho hakurikijwe ingano y’amakuru gishobora kubika. Kugira ngo ubashe kugira igitekerezo cy’ingano y’amakuru ashobora kubikwaho, ifoto imwe ifite ubwiza buringaniye yafashwe na kamera isanzwe cyangwa iya telefoni iba ifite ingano iri hagati ya Megabayiti 1 na 5. Indirimbo imwe iri mu bwoko bwa MP3 ipima hagati ya megabayiti 3 ndetse na megabayiti 8. Urumva ko rero kuri hard drive ifite gigabayiti 320 hashobora kubikwaho amafoto afite ingano iringaniye agera ku bihumbi 100 cyangwa indirimbo ibihumbi 64.
Hard drives nyinshi zigendanwa zifite ikoranabuhanga ryo gukanda rimwe maze amakuru yawe agahita abikwa ugikanda kuri buto gusa, cyangwa bikikora mu gihe wagennye. Ibi bitunganywa kugira ngo babererekere amakosa ya muntu (“Nibagiwe” cyangwa “Ndenda kuyibuka”).
Ni ngombwa kugenzura niba amakuru washyize ku gikoresho cyawe kigendanwa ashobora kugarurwa igihe cyose uyakeneye. Ushobora gukora ibi ukoresheje indi mudasobwa kugira ngo urebe niba asomeka, kandi wakongera ukayabona igihe waba wibwe mudasobwa yawe urimo gukoresha.
Izindi nama
Ntukabike amakuru yawe ku dukoresho tuzwi nka USB, CD cyangwa DVD. N’ubwo ubu buryo busa nk’aho buhendutse kandi bunogera ababukoresha, dufite ubushobozi bumwe buzwi kandi dushobora gutakara ubusa cyangwa bushobora kwandura porogaramu zitandukanye zangiza. Kohereza amakuru kuri CD cyangwa DVD bigenda gahoro.