Botnets

Porogaramu y’umuyoboro wa robo ni uruhererekane rwa mudasobwa zatejwe ku bushake n’abakora ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga porogaramu zangiza kugira ngo zikoreshwe ibikorwa bitandukanye kuri murandasi nyir’igikoresho adatanze uburenganzira (cyangwa akenshi atabizi). Iri zina botnet ubundi ni impine y’‘umuyoboro wa robo’. Iyo porogaramu ya robo yinjiye muri mudasobwa, uzigenga ashobora guhita agira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha icyo gikoresho cyangwa ibindi biri muri urwo ruhererekane aciye mu miyoboro y’itumanaho akoresheje porotokole ishingiye ku mahame y’umuyoboro.

Abakora ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga bakoresha porogaramu z’imiyoboro y’amarobo kugira ngo zohereze imeli zidakenewe, zikwirakwize virusi  – zirimo porogaramu y’intasi, zikora uburiganya no kwiba umwirondoro, zigaba ibitero kuri mudasobwa na mugabuzi, kandi zinagabe ibitero bigamije kwima abasura urubuga ubushobozi bwo kubona amakuru.

Rimwe na rimwe ushobora kumenya ko mudasobwa yatewe igihe ubonye iri kugenda gahoro. Niba ari uko bimeze, kora isuzuma, cyangwa niba ushidikanya saba ubufasha umuntu ukora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga.

Ni gute mudasobwa yawe yajya mu ruhererekane rwa porogaramu y’umuyoboro wa robo

Mudasobwa zishobora kujya mu ruhererekane rwa porogaramu y’umuyoboro wa robo mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo ziterwa n’izindi porogaramu zangiza:

• Mu gufungura imigereka muri imeli zifite porogaramu zangiza mu buryo bwa porogaramu y’ifarashi ya Torojani. Muri ubu buryo, Torojani ishobora kwisiba igihe mudasobwa yafashwe, cyangwa ikagumamo ivugurura kandi ikomeza imikorere ya porogaramu zangiza.
• Mu gusura imbuga zatewe na porogaramu yangiza. Ibi bishobora kuba ukanze ihuza ryangiza wabonye kuri imeli cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, cyangwa se ari wowe ubwawe wifashe ugasura imbuga zatewe.
• Imwe-ku-yindi (P2P) – mu yandi magambo gukwirakwizwa  ikava kuri mudasobwa imwe ikajya ku yindi iciye mu muyoboro, igikoresho cy’ububiko cyanduye cyangwa kuri murandasi.

Ibyago

• Kuba umuyoboro wawe watewe na porogaramu zangiza zishobora kubona amakuru yawe n’ibyo ukorera kuri banki.
• Mudasobwa zawe zishobora gukoreshwa mu kohereza imeli zidakenewe nyinshi cyane.
• Mudasobwa zawe zishobora gukoreshwa mu kwanduza izindi biciye kuri porogaramu ifite ubutumwa bwamamaza.
• Mudasobwa zawe zishobora gukoreshwa mu buriganya bwo gukanda bibyara inyungu, aho zisura imbuga bahisemo wowe utabizi kugira ngo bigaragare ko izo mbuga zasuwe.
• Mudasobwa zawe zishobora gukoreshwa mu bitero bya DDoS (kwima abasura urubuga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru), aho:
  • Sisitemu nyinshi zitanga umubare munini w’ubusabe kuri mugabuzi y’urubuga kugira ngo biyuzuze ubusabe bwinshi cyane ibure uko iha serivise z’abayikeneye nyakuri, cyangwa
  • Sisitemu nyinshi zikotsa igitutu umuntu zimuhamagara ubutitsa atabishaka.

Kurinda umuryango wawe

• Hitamo porogaramu y’umutekano kuri murandasi yizewe ijyanye n’ibyo umuryango wawe ukeneye, ukore ku buryo ihora ivuguruye kandi icanye.
• Mbere yo gushyiramo porogaramu ikumira virusi banza ukuremo indi irimo.
• Ntugafungure dosiye izo ari zo zose ziri ku mugereka wa imeli zivuye ku isoko utazi, udashize amakenga cyangwa utizeye.
• Ntugakande ku ihuza riri muri imeli cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga bivuye ku isoko utazi, udashize amakenga cyangwa utizeye.
• Wibuke ko imeli zigaragara ko ziturutse ku nshuti cyangwa abantu mukorana – n’ubwo aderese uba ubona ari iy’ukuri – zishobora kuba ari iz’uburiganya bwaturutse kukuba ibikoresho byabo byaratewe na porogaramu zangiza, cyangwa aderesi zabo zamaze kwibwa n’abagizi ba nabi.
• Witonde igihe uri gukoresha ibikoresho bicometse kuri USB (urugero fulashi, musomyi, ibikoresho bikina amajwi bya MP3) kuko ni bimwe mu bikunze gutwara porogaramu zangiza.
• Witondere mu gihe ukoresha CD/DVD kuko nabyo bishobora kugira virusi.
• Ntugafungure dosiye izo ari zo zose ziturutse mu bigo byo kuri murandasi byo guhererekanya za dosiye zibitse mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga nka Hightail (yarizwi mbere ku izina rya YouSendIt) na Dropbox) zashyizweho n’isoko utazi, udashize amakenga cyangwa utizeye.
• Cana ubwirinzi bwa makoro kuri porogaramu za Microsoft Office nka Word na Excel.
• Gura porogaramu ya mudasobwa ivuye ku bigo byizewe gusa kandi ukore ku buryo iba ihora ivuguruye. 
• Igihe uri gupakurura porogaramu ya mudasobwa y’ubuntu, ujye ubikorana ubushishozi bwinshi cyane.