Amahugururwa y’abakozi

Kwigisha abakozi bawe ni bwo bwirinzi bwa mbere bugufasha kwirinda ibibazo by’umutekano kuri internet no kubangamirwa k’umutekano w’amakuru. Porogaramu y’umutekano kuri internet iruta izindi nta cyo yamara cyane igihe abakozi batazi kubona no kumenya email z’uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu, kandi uko urukuta rukumira (firewall) rwaba rukomeye kose ntacyo rwamara hatari uburyo bufatika bwo kururindisha ijambo-banga.

Amahugurwa ateguye neza ni bumwe mu buryo buhebuje bwo kurinda umutekano kuri internet no kwirinda kwinjirirwa n’abagizi ba nabi bakoresha ikoranabuhanga kuko ikosa rito rya muntu, kujijwa, gukuramo cyangwa kongera kugwa mu ngeso mbi, ni bimwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutera ikibazo cyo kwica umutekano. Abakozi bakeneye guhabwa ubumenyi ku mutekano bakoresheje impamvu zabo bwite, ibyiyumvo, n’uburyo babona ibintu kugira ngo bagire imyitwarire ihwitse.

Intego

Intego ni ugukora ku buryo abakozi bagira umuco wo kwibaza ibibazo bikurikira batarinze batekereza cyane,kandi bazi ibisubizo:

• “Ni ayahe makuru y’ikigo mfite ubushobozi bwo kugeraho?”
• “Ni izihe ngaruka kwica amategeko byagira ku kigo/ kuri njye?”
• “Ni ibihe byago bishoboka?”
• “Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura dufite?”

Uburyo amahugurwa akorwamo ​​​​​​​

Amagambo azwi cyane: “Ndumva kandi ndibagirwa. Ndabona kandi ndibuka. Ndakora kandi ndasobanukirwa ni ukuri by’umwihariko iyo hajemo umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga n’amakuru.

Hari uburyo bwinshi wakoresha kugira ngo utange amahugurwa meza. Ibi biratandukana bitewe n’ikigo, abantu bari kuyahabwa n’ubutumwa bwawe, rero gahunda igomba gutegurwa ishingiye ku byo ikigo gikeneye by’umwihariko. Ugomba gusimburanya uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa, bishobotse ugacishamo ukongeramo n’urwenya, ariko buri gihe hakabamo gushaka ko buri wese agira uruhare mu biganiro ku rwego runaka.

• Amahugururwa abera mu ishuri ashobora kuba ari yo abantu bagiramo uruhare mu biganiro cyane kandi bazi, ahantu abantu benshi bumva bameze neza, by’umwihariko iyo bafite umutoza cyangwa ukoresha imyitozo utuma bagira uruhare rugaragara.
• Amahugurwa akoreshwa kuri mudasobwa ni meza cyane ku bijyanye no gushimangira kandi ni meza ku mahugurwa ajyanye n’ingingo zihariye runaka, ashobora gutangwa mu buryo bw’amasomo mbumbe. Ubundi akunda gukorerwa ahantu n’igihe byorohera abakozi.
• Ashobora kuba arimo uburyo bwo guha buri muntu umwanya wo kugira uruhare mu biganiro.
• Gusura ahantu hatandukanye no gutanga ibiganiro ni bwo buryo bwiza by’umwihariko bwo gutangira ingingo nshya, kandi ku bigo bifite imbuga zitandukanye.
• Videwo zitanga uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwerekana ibiri kuvugwa ku ngingo zitandukanye (nk’uko bigaragazwa na YouTube).
• Positeri y’amafoto bitanga uburyo bugaragara kandi bushimangira bidasubirwaho ibintu muri rusange n’iby’umwihariko.
• Guhurira mu biganiro-mpaka, gusangira n’ibindi bisa bityo nabyo bitanga uburyo bwo gusabana, hakazamo akantu ko kwidagadura.
• Email zishobora gukoreshwa mu gushimangira kandi no gutumira abakozi mu mahugurwa.

Igihe amahugurwa abera​​​​​​​

• Igihe abakozi binjiye mu kigo bagomba kumva neza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’ikigo kandi n’ibintu bikorwa buri gihe nko kwinjira muri sisiteme, kimwe n’uko bamenya ibijyanye no kugera ku nyubako ikigo gikoreramo.
• Ushobora kubakira kuri uyu mutekano wa buri munsi bakimara guhabwa amahugurwa ku mutekano rusange.
• Amahugurwa yo gukemura ikibazo n’amahugurwa yo kwiyibutsa ku bakozi bose ashobora kuba ari meza ku bijyanye n’ibibazo by’umutekano cyangwa ikibazo gishobora kuvuka ku isi.
• Amahugurwa ngarukamwaka (cyangwa kenshi kurushaho) yo kongera kwiyibutsa ni ingenzi cyane.
• Ushobora no guha abantu uburyo bwo kugera kuri uru rubuga n’izindi nama ku mutekano wo kuri internet kugira ngo biyigishe.
• Mu buryo bwose, amahugurwa agomba kuba arimo incamake y’impamvu umutekano w’amakuru ari ngombwa, harimo kuganira ku bibazo n’ingorane.

Amahugurwa agenewe abakozi bashya

• Amabwiriza yihariye y’ikigo, nk’amabwiriza ku mikoreshereze ikwiriye.
• Amakuru akunze gukenerwa nk’uburyo bwo kugera kuri seriveri z’ikigo, guhindura amagambo-banga n’ibindi.
• Ni nde umuntu yabaza igihe akeneye ubufasha cyangwa inama.
• Kubanza kumenya iby’ibanze ku bijyanye n’ibyago, nka porogaramu zangiza,  kugabwaho ibitero kuri internet, uburiganya, icyaha cyo kwigana porogaramu ya mudasobwa, kubuzwa amahwemo (harassement), kurinda amakuru, kurinda ibikoresho by’amakuru.

Umutekano rusange

Abayikoresha mu mikorere y’ikigo bahura na nyinshi mu mbogamizi kimwe n’abayikoresha mu rugo. Itandukaniro rinini ririmo ni uko icyo umukozi umwe akoze gishobora kugira ingaruka ku kigo cyose, mu gihe uyikoresha mu rugo aba areba ibyavuka ari mu rugo gusa. Byongeye kandi, ibigo bihura n’ibyago n’ibibazo byisumbuyeho kandi bikenera ingamba zihariye.

• Umutekano wa mudasobwa n’ibikoresho bigendanwa: Ni gute bashyiramo amavugurura (updates), bacana “firewall”  cyangwa birinda porogaramu yangiza.
• Gukoresha urubuga rwa internet utekanye, kwirinda ubutumwa bukomeza bugaruka, kwirinda imbuga z’abakora uburiganya, kureba niba ihererekanya ry’amafaranga mu bucuruzi bukorerwa kuri internet cyangwa gukorana na banki birimo ubwirinzi bwa encryption.
• Ibibazo by’imyitwarire: umutekano w’aho ibintu biri, email z’ibinyoma, email z’uburiganya bugamije kumenya amakuru y’undi muntu, amagambo-banga, uburiganya no kwibwa umwirondoro n’uburyo bwo kubyirinda, ni iki umuntu yakora havutse ikibazo cyangwa iyo ushidikanya ku kintu.
• Ibibazo by’ikigo: ibibazo bijyanye no kurinda amakuru, itegeko ry’umurimo, itegeko rigenga amasezerano, kurinda amakuru ikigo gikomeyeho no kwirinda icyaha cyo kwigana porogaramu ya mudasobwa n’ibindi.