The Internet of Things” cyangwa IoT mu magambo ahinnye y’Icyongereza ni imvugo ikoreshwa hasobanurwa ibikoresho bigezweho by’ikoranabuhanga bitari mudasobwa, telefoni na “tablet”, bikenera gucomekwa kuri murandasi kugira ngo bibashe gutumanaho cyangwa ngo bikore akazi kabyo.
Aha harimo isaha igezweho ushobora kuba wambaye ku kuboko ikurikirana uko umutima wawe ukora, ikabara intambwe wakoze ku munsi, harimo camera zicunga umutekano ku iduka cyangwa mu rugo rwawe, akuma k’ikoranabuhanga gakozwaho igikumwe kugira ngo umuntu yinjire mu biro byawe, cyangwa se ALEXA, rya jwi rigusubiza iyo utegetse ko humvikana umuziki cyangwa ko amatara yaka iwawe.
Muri iyi minsi, ikintu cyose gifite buto cyakirizwaho cyangwa kikazimwa, kiba gishobora kujya kuri murandasi, bityo kigahita kiba kimwe mu bigize IoT. Ibi bikoresho byose bikoreshwa na za porogaramu zikenera kujya kuri murandasi kugira ngo zibashe gukora neza.
Ibi bituma zihita ziguha umusaruro w’ako kanya kandi wifuzwaga. Gusa byaje kumenyekana ko ibyaha bikorerwa ku ikoranabuhanga biriho, burya si inzozi. Bityo rero ibikoresho byawe by’ikoranabuhanga bishobora kwibasirwa n’abakorera ibyaha ku ikoranabuhanga.
Urugero niba murandasi nziramugozi icometseho kamera zicunga umutekano wawe idatekanye, ishobora kwinjirirwa, bityo ugasanga si wowe wenyine ureba ibibera iwawe, ugasanga si wowe wenyine ubona abana bawe iyo bakina mu busitani.
Ibi biteye impungenge, si byo? Gerageza kwibaza ibi: Washyize porogaramu itandukanye n’iyo ugirwaho inama gukoresha mu isaha yawe igezweho cyangwa se ikindi gikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga wenda ushingiye ko ari yo ihendutse. Nk’uko ya porogaramu y’umwimerere yari kubigusaba, iyo wahisemo na yo ikagusaba kuzuzamo amwe mu makuru yawe bwite. Gusa kubera ko atari yo y’umwimerere, hari amahirwe menshi ko uwayikoze yari agambiriye ikindi kitari ukugufasha kuryoherwa n’igikoresho cyawe cy’ikoranabuhanga; birashobora ko yari agambiriye gusakuma amakuru yawe bwite cyangwa izindi gahunda z’uburiganya.
Ni yo mpamvu iyo hari ikintu cyose turimo gifite aho gihuriye na murandasi, ikintu cya mbere cyo kuzirikana burya aba ari ukwita ku ihuzanzira uri gukoresha.
Igomba kuba yizewe. Igomba kuba itekanye bihambaye ku kigero cyo hejuru ndetse ifite imiterere y’umutekano ya vuba rwose. Igomba kuba igenzurwa bihoraho cyangwa ijyanishwa n’igihe kugira ngo ikurinde ubwawe n’ibikoresho byawe. Mu gihe ari murandasi y’iwawe, biroroshye kureba niba yarateganyirijwe ubwirinzi binyuze mu gukurikiza amabwiriza atanganwa na “router” yawe.
Mu gihe igikoresho cyawe cyakiriye ubutumwa bugisaba kwicomeka kuri murandasi-nshyitsi (guest WIFI) cyangwa se inziramugozi rusange (public hotspot), biragoye kumenya ko itekanye, bityo jya ubanza ubitekerezeho mbere yo kuyishyiraho.
Iyo bigeze rero ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga dushyira kuri murandasi, ni ingenzi cyane guhitamo ibikoresho bifite ibirango bizwi kandi byizewe. Iteka ujye ugenzura ko uri kugura iby’umwimerere kandi bitiganwe. Genzura ko uri kugura ibikoresho bibasha gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Zirikana kurinda ibikoresho byawe n’amagambo-banga arimo amagambo, imibare n’ibimenyetso, kandi uyamenye wenyine.
Ikindi kandi, jyanisha n’igihe porogaramu ukoresha ku bikoresho byawe, igihe cyose ubonye ubutumwa bubigusaba. Ikindi cy’ingenzi cyane, jya uhindura amagambo-banga y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bishya, uhite ubiremera andi ako kanya ukibicana. Impamvu y’ibi ni uko ibikoresho byinshi bihabwa amagambo-banga amwe iyo bikiri mu ruganda, bigatuma byoroha kuba byakwinjirirwa. Kugira ngo ubashe guhindura ijambo-banga, soma amabwiriza atangwa n’uruganda rwakoze icyo gikoresho.
Naho ku bijyanye na porogaramu dukoresha ku bikoresho byawe, ni ingenzi cyane kwifashisha izabugenewe, zikurwa ku maduka yo kuri murandasi yizewe muri Google Play, Apple Store na Microsoft Store. Jya uzirikana kuzijyanisha n’igihe, kandi ikigeretseho, shyiramo uburyo butuma zijyanisha n’igihe ubwazo, kuko uburyo zijyanisha n’igihe habamo uburyo ziyungura umutekano urushijeho kuba mwiza ndetse zigakora neza kurushaho.
Igihe cyose twashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’umutekano zivuzwe haruguru ndetse tukagambirira guhindura isi na murandasi ahantu heza ho kuba, IoT ni ikintu twese twaryoherwa ndetse tukakibyaza umusaruro. Nk’uko bisanzwe, bitangirira kuri twe, bitangirira kuri wowe.
Ku bindi bisobanuro, sura www.getsafeonline.org.rw
Yanditswe na Tony Neate, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Get Safe Online na Maurice Haesen Kajangwe ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga ry’Umutekano w’Amakuru muri Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo